Recovering Graphics File

Graphic Files

Contain digital photographs, line art, three-dimensional images, text data converted to images, and scanned replicas of printed pictures.

Bitmap images

Are collections of dots, or pixels, in a grid format that form a graphic.

Vector Graphics

Are based on mathematical instructions that define lines, curves, text, ovals, and other geometric shapes.

Metafile graphics

Are combinations of bitmap and vector images.

Bitmap Images

Store graphic information as grids of pixels (picture elements).

Raster Images

Also collections of pixels, but they store pixels in rows to make images easy to print.

Resolution

Determines the amount of detail that is displayed in an image.

Vector File

Stores only the calculations for drawing lines and shapes; graphic programs convert these calculations into an image.

Metafile graphics

combine raster and vector graphics and can have the characteristics of both file types.

standard graphics

Most graphics editors enable you to create and save files in one or more of the ______ file formats.

Raw File Format

This format is typically used on many high-end digital cameras. It maintains the best picture quality.

Demosaicing

The process of converting raw picture to data to another format.

Exchangeable Image File Format

Developed by the Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association (JEITA) as a standard for storing metadata in JPEG and TIF files.

Data Compression

The process of coding data from a larger form to a smaller form.

Lossless compression

A technique that reduce file size without removing data.

Lossy compression

It compresses data by permanently discarding bits of information in the file.

Vector Quantization (VQ)

It uses complex algorithms to determine what data to discard based on vectors in the graphics file.

Carving

Recovering any type of file fragments.

Steganography

A data hiding technique used to hide information inside an image.

Insertion Steganography

It places data a from the secret file into the host file.

Substitution Steganography

It replaces bits of the host file with other bits of data.

Copyright

Protects “original works of authorship” that are fixed in a tangible form of expression.

Fair Use

A legal doctrine that promotes freedom of expression by permitting the unlicensed use of copyright-protected works in certain circumstances.