respiratory digestive system study guide part two

Where does digestion begin?

In the mouth.

What type of digestion begins in the mouth?

Mechanical digestion.

What separates the stomach from the esophagus?

Cardiac sphincter.

What separates the stomach from the small intestine?

Pyloric sphincter.

What are rugae?

Folds in the stomach lining.

What is chyme?

A soupy mixture formed from food in the stomach.

What are villi?

Tiny finger-like projections in the small intestine.

What is the function of the liver?

Concentrates bile by removing water and stores bile.

What is the function of the large intestine?

Absorption of water and removal of waste.

How many teeth do toddlers have?

20.

How many teeth do adults have?

32.

Which type of teeth are mainly used for grinding food?

Molars.

What enzyme breaks down protein in the stomach?

Pepsin.

What is the pharynx?

The throat shared by both respiratory and digestive systems.

What is the larynx also known as?

Voice box.

What is the trachea also known as?

Windpipe.

Why are cartilage rings important to the trachea?

They keep the trachea open.

What is the cardiac notch?

An indentation in the left lung for the heart.

What is total lung capacity?

Vital capacity plus residual volume.

What gas provides the most important stimulus for breathing?

CO2.

What process moves food toward the stomach?

Propulsion.

What problem could occur if the epiglottis is damaged?

Food may enter the airway.

What happens if the stomach cannot stretch normally after eating?

The rugae may not be functioning correctly.

What important process is affected by damage to tiny air sacs?

Gas exchange.

How can strong antibiotics affect the large intestine?

They can kill helpful bacteria and lower vitamin production.