Newham case study

Cultural diversity in Newham - Newham has one of the lowest indigenous White British populations in the country.

The borough has the second-highest percentage of Muslims in the UK.

Newham is the most ethnically diverse district in England and Wales.

40% of population are Christians

Employment and unemployment in Newham - Biggest group of works are semi-skilled and unskilled manual workers

Unemployment rate is 14%

The employment rate in Newham is 56.2 per cent of the working age population. The gap in the employment rate between Newham and London currently stands at minus 13 percentage points

How has housing type changed in Newham? - Used to be a large amount of high rise low income housing but now there is lots of expensive high rise flats and houses.

How has Newham changed? - Newham has changed very fast from being a white, working-class dock area in the 1960s, to a high unemployment, low skill, semi-neglected area in the 1980s, to becoming a dynamic hub for regeneration in the 1990s and 2000s.

How have house prices changed in Newham? - The average house price in Newham has leapt by 429% since the start of the century, from £75,762 in 2000 to £400,574, a gain of 429%.

House prices in London have increased by over 20%

How many immigrants have entered Newham in the last 15 years - 70,000

Impact on regeneration of the Carpenter estate on elderly - Many elderly people were forced out after living and working within that area for years - for some people their whole life. These people will have developed a strong sense of belonging and identity to place, often having grown up there and developed many memories - they will have become attached to place through their experiences.

Impact on regeneration of the Carpenter estate on ethnic minorities - Many ethnic minority groups living within the Carpenters estate forced out of their homes to far away towns

Within the Carpenters estate and Stratford there has been a loss of tight knit communities

Loss of sense of multiculturalism

Location - Newham is a London borough situated on the borders of inner and outer East London. It is 5 miles (8 km) east of the City of London, north of the River Thames.

Negative effects of Westfield shopping center - Environmental impacts

Many shops are large high street brands so local businesses not impacted

Local businesses and shops lost business

Loss of community

Placelessness

Population - 352,005

Population density - 9,700/km2

Positive effects of Westfield shopping center - Created new jobs

Attracted new investors

Increased footfall

More than 323 million people visited shopping centre since it opened in 2011

It has generated £7.4bn

Acts as a social hub - sometimes described as 'surrogate youth centre', helps keep kids off the street

Regeneration of the Carpenter estate - Located near Olympic Park and Stratford city

Required regeneration as it was opposite luxury apartments and was acting as a deterant for new buyers

Post WW2 the estate became a run-down, deprived area with lots of crime and vandalism

Many residents had strong sense of place to the estate as it used to be come to factory workers who all lived in a very tight nit community

What efforts were made to make the 2012 Olympic games sustainable? - Lots of effort to lower the carbon footprint of the Olympic games

The Olympic Village to be 44 per cent more energy efficient than 2006 Building Regulation

Providing 20 per cent of electricity during Gamestime from new local renewable energy

70% of Games time waste will be reused, recycled or composted

What have been agents of change in Newham? - Westfield shopping centre

Olympic stadium

Train lines

Stratford Plaza

Carpenter estate regeneration

What is crime like in Newham? - Newham is among the least safe boroughs in London, with an average crime rate of 120 crimes per 1000 people as of 2012 - higher than the London average, and nearly double the national average. However, crime rates have improved in the borough year-on-year since 2005, and continue to fall.

What is the age structure like in Newham? - Newham has the youngest overall population

The median age is 32.2 years old.

67.9% of people are aged 18-64 years old

Only 7.7% are aged over 65 years old.

What is the documentary about migration in Newham called? - The last whites of the east end

What is the history of Newham? - Newham was named in the Doomsday book under the name of 'Hame'. From the 19th century, Londoners from East End communities and European immigrants settled there in great numbers. In the south of the borough, the working-class neighbourhoods of Canning Town, Custom House, and Silvertown sprang up. Eastern and central Newham is a densely developed area of terraced houses built in the late 19th and early 20th centuries as an intentional consequence of the policy of the Eastern Railway to provide low fares for workers. To the north and south are housing projects dating from the mid-20th century.

What percentage of people in Newham live in poverty? - 37%

(one of the worst boroughs for deprivation in London)

What was included in the 2012 Olympic game legacy to ensure there was long term benefits? - 1. Economic - supporting new jobs and skills, encouraging trade, inward investment and tourism

2. Sports - continuing elite success, development of more sports facilities and encouraging participation in schools sports and wider

3. Social and volunteering - inspiring others to volunteer and encouraging social change

What was Newham like before the Olympic games? - Lots of abandoned old industrial sites

Low achievement at school Industrial wasteland

High unemployment rates High deprivation and poverty rates

Lower household incomes then the London average

What were the negative economic effects of the London 2012 Olympic games? - Olympic stadium is estimated to have cost £701 million pounds, almost 3 times the original estimate (source). This angered many local people.

The total bill for the Olympics was £8.77 billion of tax payer's money. That was £5billion over budget.

Existing businesses had to move, including H. Forman and Sons, a salmon-smoking factory with 50 employees

Rents and property prices have gone up as a result of the Games

What were the negative environmental effects of the London 2012 Olympic games? - Much wildlife had to be relocated; 4,000 smooth newts, 100 toads and 300 common lizards as well as fish including pikes and eels were moved by the Olympic Delivery Authority.

Many of the materials for the stadiums and the Olympic Park came from overseas

The games produced 3.3 million tons of CO2

What were the negative social effects of the London 2012 Olympic games? - 'Affordable housing' was not affordable for Newham's poorest residents

Unemployment rates increased in some boroughs

Jobs not created for local people

Jobs that were created were temporary

Still high levels of poverty around the Olympic park

Properties for poor communities was demolished e.g. 450 housing association flats torn down

Old residents pushed out

What were the positive economic effects of the London 2012 Olympic games? - Increased average income of the area

Multiplier effect

Attracted new investors and businesses into the area

The volume and share of private renting has doubled since 2001.

Created new jobs

Stratford got a tube station to help connect the area to the rest of London

Improved infrastructure

Brought more than £9bn of investment into east London

Generated £10 billion in extra income for the UK economy

All buildings sold off

What were the positive effects on perception of Newham's after the London 2012 Olympic games? - Image of Newham has improved - associated with Olympics

Tourist hub

More desirable place to live

All came together around one common theme

What were the positive environmental effects of the London 2012 Olympic games? - Lots of parkland open to the public for use as a picnicking and play area. New green spaces and wildlife habitats were created, including ponds, woodlands, and artificial otter holes.

The stadiums were made of at least 25% recycled materials

Improvement on River Lea water quality

Green areas placed along the banks of the river

Urban wasteland of the Lower Lea Valley was cleaned up, with soil being cleaned on site.

The Olympic Site was built largely on 560 acres of brownfield land, property that had been neglected, unused, and contaminated.

Researchers helped choose sustainable & biodiverse vegetation suited to an urban environment, includingterm-21 4,000 trees, 74,000 plants and 60,000 bulbs and 300,000 wetland plants

What were the positive social effects of the London 2012 Olympic games? - Improved transport links - became a major transport hub linking Eurostar, Cross Rail and a high-speed route to King's Cross, all at the Stratford Interchange

Created new jobs

Provided new services and facilities

Area came together around a common theme