ap bio 1.1: water bonding test
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23 Terms
what kind of bond does water have?
polar covalent ((two atoms share electrons unequally (+ and -))
nonpolar covalent bond
electrons are evenly shared between atoms
most abundant elements in living things
CHONPS
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur
what is a covalent bond?
a chemical bond formed when two or atoms share electrons.
why does water have a polar covalent bond?
oxygen is slightly more electronegative (pulls electrons towards itself) so there is an unequal sharing of electrons between the hydrogen and the oxygen
hydrogen bond
a weak bond between the negative and positive regions of two separate molecules
what molecules have to be bonded with hydrogen to create a hydrogen bond?
n,o,f (nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine)
cohesion
hydrogen bond between two of the same water molecules
adhesion
hydrogen bond between water and one other molecule
surface tension
caused by the attraction between water molecules (hydrogen bonds)
high surface tension allows insects to walk on water
what is an example of surface tension?
water on a penny
how does surface tension help plants?
plants rest on top of water for sunlight
what causes water to have a high solvency?
water adhesive property
why does water make such a good solvent?
it is highly electronegative
water-specific heat
high specific heat = can absorb a lot of heat without temp change ex. ocean stabilizes land and air temperatures
think desert → little water = very hot day and very cold night
what is high specific heat in water?
the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1°C.
what is evaporative cooling?
-organisms use it to regulate their temperature
-ex: sweating
-water evaporates through a surface, cooling occurs
pH range for acid
0-6
pH range for base (alkaline)
8-14
neutral pH
7
what does hydrophilic mean?
-some molecules have a love for water
-polar
-ex: cotton, cellulose, paper
what does hydrophobic mean?
-some substances do not have an affinity for water (fear of water)
-nonpolar and non ionic substances
-ex: lipids (fat), glycerol, oils
if something floats…
-less dense when it is solid
-forms crystal lattice structure (in image)
-important because oceans and lakes do not freeze solid
~insulates water below (allows marine life to live under frozen lakes)
