BCOR 1450 Module 3

transformation

take up and incorporate foreign DNA from the environment

transduction

movement of genes between bacteria by bacteriophages

conjugation

process where genetic material is transferred between prokaryotic cells

chemoheterotroph

breaks chemical bonds as an energy source, uses organic compounds as a carbon source

photoautotroph

uses light as energy source, uses CO2 as a carbon source

chemoautotroph

breaks chemical bonds as an energy source, uses CO2 as a carbon source

photoheterotroph

uses light as an energy source, uses organic compounds as a carbon source

coccus

spherical

bacillus

rod-shaped

spirillum

spiral

gram-positive bacteria

peptidoglycan as entire cell wall covering plasma membrane

gram-negative bacteria

outer membrane above peptidoglycan covering plasma membrane

dinoflagellates

reinforced by cellulose plates, whirling locomotion from flagella, many photosynthetic

apicomplexans

one end contain complex of organelles specialized for penetrating host cells, unicellular animal parasites

ciliates

unicellular, use of cilia to move and feed, most are predators

macronuclei

(ciliates) DNA used for everyday functions

micronuclei

(ciliates) will exchange haploid micronuclei with other individuals during conjugation

diatoms

unicellular, photosynthetic algae, glass-like wall made of silicon dioxide provides protection from predators

double fertilization

one sperm fertilizes the egg, the other sperm fertilizes the central cell forming the endosperm

endosperm

a nutrient-rich tissue that provides nourishment to the developing embryo in angiosperm seeds.