Fungi

basic characteristics

terrestrial heterotroph, have cell walls made of chitin, have a network of cells called hypha, does external digestion, mycelium has pores between hypha to exchange resources, and has a fruiting body

hypha

network of fungi cells

mycelium

network of hypha

number of taxonomic groups of fungi

six

fruiting body

reproductive structure of fungi

cycle of fungi

haploid hypha undergoes mitosis to become gametophyte mycelium, deplete resources (+ and - mating types), fusion of types (plasmogamy) but nuclei don’t fuse, undergoes mitosis to form a fruiting body, sporophyte phase, some specialized cells fuse to form a diploid nucleus (karogamy), undergoes meiosis and becomes haploid spores, settle and become hypha

glomeromycotia

type of fungi that has symbiotic mutualism relationship with around 90% of plants

symbiotic mutualism

two organisms are interacting with each other most of their life and both benefit from the interaction

true tissues

evolved after sponges; groups of specialized cells that are organized to perform a specific function

diploblast

evolved in cnidarians; body derived from two embryonic cell layers (ectoderm and endoderm)

triploblast

evolved after cnidarians; bodies derive from three embryonic cell layers (ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm)

ectoderm

outer layer of cells; forms skin and nervous system, sensory organs

endoderm

inner layer of cells; forms intestinal lining, respiratory system, and liver

mesoderm

middle layer of cells; forms musculoskeletal system, circulatory system, and kidneys

coelom

evolved after platyhrlminthes (flat worms); empty space pocket that forms during early embryonic development

pseudocoelom

evolved in nematodes; hollow space forms between endoderm and mesoderm

complete digestive system

evolved before nematodes. has an opening for food and an opening for waste

closed digestive system

only has one opening for food intake and waste removal