AP World Unit 5/6 Test Essential Vocabulary

proclamation

an official public announcement

innumerable

too many to count

conscripted

drafted

piety

religious devotion

benevolent

kindly, charitable

beneficent

kindly; doing good

grievances

complaints

inoculation

Injecting a person with a small dose of a virus to help him or her build up defenses to a disease

matriarchal

family ruled by a woman such as a mother, grandmother, or aunt

pastoralist

a member of a nomadic group that herds domesticated animals

intensification

action or process that makes something stronger or more extreme

Shari'ah

Islamic code of law

decree

An order having the force of law

encomienda

A grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it

exploitation

the action or fact of treating someone unfairly in order to benefit from their work.

indentured labor

labor under contract to an employer for a fixed period of time, typically three to seven years, in exchange for their transportation, food, clothing, lodging and other necessities

economic emancipation

to be free from debt

democratization

the process of creating a government elected by the people

deficit-spending

situation in which a government spends more money than it takes in

protective tariffs

taxes that would make imported goods cost more than those made locally

utopia

an imagined place or state of things in which everything is perfect

proximity

(n.) nearness, closeness

expansionist

the practice or policy of territorial or economic expansion

prescribed

recommended

proficient

skilled, expert, or capable in any field or activity

notions

ideas

elites

a group or class of persons enjoying superior intellectual or social or economic status

waning

becoming less bright, intense, or strong

profitability

ability to provide financial rewards

indomitable

unconquerable, refusing to yield

separatist

a person who supports the separation of a particular group of people from a larger body on the basis of ethnicity, religion, or gender.

tyranny

Cruel and oppressive government or rule

perpetual

never ending or changing

inherited privilege

advantages one has that can be passed down in one's family like a title, land, and other benefits

concessions

Special rights given to foreign powers

aristocracy

Group of the most wealthy and privileged

commercial

having to do with business or trade

gorged

consumed to excess, overeat

perseverance

continued efforts in spite of difficulties

Effective Occupation

concept that the European powers agreed to at the Berlin Conference that stated that Europe would wholeheartedly go after colonies in Africa while not allowing one country to monopolize the entire continent. This states that you can't call "dibs" on a territory, you actually have to be there.

famine

an extreme shortage of food

acquisitions

takeover territory

disenfranchise

deprive of voting rights

degradation

a decline to a lower condition, quality, or level

fraudulently

Intended to deceive people, often in an illegal way

Bourgeoisie

term for the middle class, including merchants, industrialists, and professional people - for Karl Marx these were the owners of production who exploited then workers

Proletariat

Marx's term for the exploited class, the mass of workers who do not own the means of production

fundamentalism

Literal interpretation and strict adherence to basic principles of a religion (or a religious branch, denomination, or sect).

totalitarianism

A form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.)

Marxism

the economic and political theories of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels that hold that human actions and institutions are economically determined and that class struggle is needed to create historical change and that capitalism will ultimately be superseded

Nationalism

A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country

Metropoles

the parent state of a colony

Enclaves

countries surrounded or almost surrounded by another country.