AP Gov — Forms of Government

Monarchy

Ruled by a king/queen, usually inherited. Can be absolute or constitutional. Ex: Saudi Arabia (absolute), UK (constitutional).

Dictatorship

One leader with total control, often by force. Citizens have few rights. Ex: Hitler, Kim Jong-un.

Democracy

Citizens hold political power. Two types: representative & direct.

Oligarchy

Rule by a small group (wealthy, elite, one class, or one race).

Aristocracy

Rule by privileged/noble class, believed to be “best” qualified. Ex: Medieval Europe nobles.

Theocracy

Government ruled by religious leaders; laws based on religion.

Anarchy

No government or laws → results in disorder/chaos

Autocracy

Government where one person has all the power. Types = monarchy & dictatorship.

Junta

Military officers ruling a country after seizing power by force. Operates like a dictatorship but with several leaders.

John Locke

Philosopher — people are reasonable/moral; natural rights (life, liberty, property); gov protects rights.

Thomas Hobbes

Philosopher — people selfish/competitive; without gov = chaos; need strong gov for order.

Social Contract

Agreement: people give up some freedoms in exchange for government protection.