Unit 1: Chemistry of Life
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33 Terms
Electron
A negatively charged atom.
Proton
A positively charged atom.
Neutron
An atom with no charge.
Where are atoms located?
In the center of the nucleus.
Covalent Bond
A type of chemical bond where atoms share electrons.
How are the atoms in hydrogen bonded?
Covalent Bond
How many electrons are there in oxygen’s outer shell?
6 electrons
How many electrons are there in hydrogen’s outer shell?
1 electron
How many electrons does oxygen need to complete its outer shell?
8 electrons
Oxygen is extremely _______
electronegative
Is H2O a polar or nonpolar molecule?
A polar covalent molecule
Which pole of H2O is partially negative?
Closer to oxygen
Which pole of H2O is partially positive?
Closer to hydrogen
How do water molecules bond together?
Hydrogen Bonds
Hydrogen Bonds
Weak, temporary bonds that form between water molecules due to its polarity.
_______ bonds are crucial for the properties of water.
Hydrogen
What are the properties of H2O?
Adhesion, Cohesion, and High Specific Heat
Why does water take a long time to heat up?
The heat must break down the hydrogen bonds.
High Specific Heat
The ability of water to absorb and retain heat without a significant rise in temperature, due to hydrogen bonding. This property helps stabilize temperatures in organisms and environments.
Adhesion
The property of water that allows it to stick to other substances.
Cohesion
The property of water that allows it to stick to itself; plays a role surface tension.
Capillary Action
The ability of water to move upward through narrow spaces against gravity, due to cohesion and adhesion. This is crucial for plants to transport water and nutrients from roots to leaves.
Heat of Vaporization of Water
The amount of energy required to convert water from liquid to vapor. This property helps regulate temperature in bodies of water and in living organisms.
Water has a ______ heat of vaporization.
high
Water is a universal _______.
solvent
Why is water used as a universal solvent?
Its polarity allows it to dissolve ionic and polar compounds.
Element
Pure substances that have specific properties at certain temperatures and react in certain ways.
What are elements made of?
Atoms
What defines an element?
Protons/Atomic Number
What two atoms attract; “opposites attract?”
Protons (+) and Electrons (-)
All _______ is made up of elements.
matter