Anatomy_and_Physiology_of_Bones

Skeletal System

The skeletal system is formed of bones and cartilage, providing a framework for the body tissues.

Functions of the Skeletal System

Include support, movement, protection, mineral homeostasis, and blood cell formation.

Ossification

The process of bone formation from connective tissue structures, resulting in bone development.

Cortical Bone

Also known as compact bone, it is dense and forms the outer layer of bones.

Cancellous Bone

Also known as spongy bone, it is found inside bones and contains red bone marrow.

Osteon

The basic structural unit of compact bone, comprising concentric layers of bone called lamellae.

Epiphyseal Growth Plate

Composed of hyaline cartilage, it has zones responsible for bone growth during adolescence.

Bone Mineralization

The process by which minerals, primarily calcium and phosphate, are deposited in bone tissue.

Vitamin D

Essential for promoting calcium absorption in the intestines, crucial for bone health.

Long Bones

Bones that are longer than they are wide, consisting of a diaphysis and epiphyses.

Short Bones

Small, cube-shaped bones that mainly contain cancellous bone.

Flat Bones

Thin, slightly curved bones with a layer of cancellous bone between two layers of cortical bone.

Irregular Bones

Bones that do not fit into the other categories, having varied shapes and structures.

Sesamoid Bones

Round or oval bones that develop in tendons, such as the patella.

Haversian Canal

The central canal in an osteon that contains blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves.

Hemopoietic Stem Cells

Cells in red bone marrow responsible for the formation of blood cells.

Calcium Deficiency

Can increase the risk of conditions such as osteoporosis and osteomalacia.

Bone Aging

As the body ages, bones may lose strength and elasticity, resulting in greater fracture susceptibility.

Growth Zones

Regions in the epiphyseal growth plate involved in the process of bone growth.