oral cavity spectra

Which foramen does the nasopalatine nerve pass through?

incisive foramen

The greater palatine foramen is ____ to the lesser palatine foramen.

anterior

Which structure of the maxilla forms the tooth sockets?

alveolar process of the maxilla

What is the function of the choana?

connect nasal cavity to nasopharynx and allow for respiration

Which part of the tongue is located most posteriorly?

root

Which muscle of the tongue comprises most of the tongue's bulk?

genioglossus

Which nerve supplies motor innervation to all of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue except for the palatoglossus muscle?

CN XII

What structure is a thin sheet of tissue that attaches the tongue to the floor of the mouth?

Frenulum

Which of the 3 major salivary glands is located anterior to the ear?

parotid gland

Where does the submandibular duct open into the oral cavity?

near the lingual frenulum

Which cranial nerve innervates the parotid gland?

CN IX

Which of the 3 major salivary glands is U-shaped and located along the body of the mandible?

submandibular gland

Which part of the mandible articulates with the temporal bone at the mandibular fossa and is part of the TMJ?

condyle

What structure of the mandible contains the inferior alveolar nerve, artery, and vein?

mandibular canal

What part of mandible is located inferior to mental symphysis at the midline?

mental protuberance

What structure(s) are located within the mandibular canal?

inferior alveolar artery, inferior alveolar vein, inferior alveolar nerve

Which suprahyoid muscle forms the floor of the mouth?

mylohyoid

The nerve to mylohyoid branches off of which nerve?

inferior alveolar nerve

What structure is found between the palatoglossal arch and palatopharyngeal arch?

palatine tonsils

What structure is the first structure in the digestive system?

the oral cavity

Which method of treatment would most likely be used to treat ankyloglossia?

frenotomy

What is the cause of ankyloglossia?

lingual frenulum extending to the tip of the tongue

What is a possible treatment option for small sialoliths?

massage the gland to milk out the stone

What is the term for a calcified structure that develops within a salivary gland duct?

sialolith

What type of cleft palate only includes the area anterior to the incisive foramen and can extend to the alveolar ridge?

primary cleft palate

Which of the following are complications of a cleft palate?

hearing loss, difficulty speaking, difficulty eating

What are A, B, and C, respectively?

stratum superficiale, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

Which of the following best describes the epithelium of the lining mucosa found in the buccal mucosa and soft palate?

Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Submucosa containing minor salivary glands, blood vessels, and nerves embedded in loose connective tissue is a distinguishing feature of which oral mucosa type, and in which two general regions is it found?

Lining mucosa; cheeks and vestibule

Which of the following sites would NOT be classified as lining mucosa?

hard palate

In the oral cavity, where do you find keratinized stratified squamous epithelium with underlying connective tissue that is firmly attached to the bone?

gingiva

Which of the following best describes the epithelium found on the gingiva and hard palate?

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

What is the key histological difference between orthokeratinized and parakeratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

Parakeratinized superficial cells retain their nuclei, while orthokeratinized superficial cells do not

In the attached gingiva and hard palate, describe the way that the deep layer of the lamina propria attach to the underlying bone, and what is the functional significance of this attachment?

It fuses directly to bone, resulting in a firm, immobile mucosa

Which type of lingual papillae is the smallest and most numerous, and lacks taste buds?

Filiform papillae

A row of 8 to 12 large, dome-shaped papillae located just anterior to the sulcus terminalis best describes which type of lingual papillae?

Circumvallate papillae

Which lingual papillae are located on the lateral edge of the tongue, consisting of parallel ridges separated by mucosal clefts, and tend to diminish in number with age

Foliate papillae

In a biopsy from a patient with pemphigoid, where would you expect tissue separation (blister formation) to occur?

between the epithelium and the underlying basement membrane

In a biopsy from a patient with pemphigus, where would you expect tissue separation (blister formation) to occur?

between epithelial layers

In a biopsy from a patient with lichen planus, where would you expect to see separation between the epithelium and underlying connective tissue?

At the basement membrane zone, due to degeneration of the basal epithelial cells.