AP World History: Modern - Unit 1: The Global Tapesty

Confucianism

The system of ethics education and statesmanship taught by Confucius and his disciples emphasizing proper relationships virtue hierarchy ancestor worship filial piety and harmony in thought and conduct

filial piety

respect for parents elders and ancestors

Buddhism

Belief system that started in India in the 500s BC by Siddhartha Gautama Belief in Dharma and right action and removal of one’s desires Believers seek enlightenment and the overcoming of suffering

Dar al-Islam

an Arabic term that means the “house of Islam” and that refers to lands under Islamic rule

Theravada Buddhism

A type of Buddhism which focuses mainly on individual freedom from suffering and reincarnation Similar to early Buddhism and says that only Siddhartha Gautama is the Buddha

Mahayana Buddhism

“Great Vehicle” branch of Buddhism followed in China Japan and Central Asia The focus is on reverence for Buddha and for bodhisattvas enlightened persons who have postponed nirvana to help others attain enlightenment

Champa Rice

Quick-maturing rice that can allow two harvests in one growing season Originally introduced into Champa from India it was later sent to China as a tribute gift by the Champa state as part of the tributary system

Grand Canal

The 1100-mile 1700-kilometer waterway linking the Yellow and the Yangzi Rivers linking Northern and Southern China completed during the Sui Empire

Mandate of Heaven

the belief that the Chinese king’s right to rule came from the gods

Dynastic Cycle

the historical pattern of the rise decline and replacement of dynasties

Song Dynasty

960-1279 CE The Chinese dynasty that placed much more emphasis on civil administration industry education and arts other than military

Civil Service Exam

In Imperial China starting in the Han dynasty it was an exam based on Confucian teachings that was used to select people for various government service jobs in the nationwide administrative bureaucracy

Al-Andalus

A Muslim-ruled region in what is now Spain established by the Berbers in the eighth century AD

Abbasids

The second Islamic caliphate moved the capital to Baghdad adopted Persian cultural elements language and practice of harem

Caliphate

Islamic empire ruled by those believed to be the successors to the Prophet Muhammad

Jizyah

The tax levied against non-Muslims living in Islamic states

Dhimmi

Literally “people of the book” applied as inclusive term to Jews and Christians in Islamic territories

Aristocracy

the highest class in certain societies especially those holding hereditary titles or offices

Judaism

c 1500 BCE the monotheistic religion of the Jews having its spiritual and ethical principles in law of the Torah and Talmud

Christianity

c 33 CE monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior

Islam

A religion based on the teachings of the prophet Mohammed which stresses belief in one god Allah Paradise and Hell and a body of law written in the Quran Followers are called Muslims

Muslims

Followers of Islam

Mayan Civilization

American civilization in the Yucatán Peninsula that reached its peak in the 9th century AD and produced magnificent ceremonial cities with pyramids a sophisticated mathematical and calendar system hieroglyphic writing and fine sculpture painting and ceramics

Incas

Ancient civilization 1200-1500AD that was located in the Andes in Peru sophisticated farming infrastructure

Great Zimbabwe

A powerful state in the African interior that emerged from the growing trade in gold to the East African coast flourished between 1250 and 1350 CE

Centralization

Power of government is held within one central region or capital city and maintains control over periphery regions

Quran Koran

The holy book of Islam

Hajj

A pilgrimage to Mecca performed as a duty by Muslims

cultural diffusion

The spread of ideas customs and technologies from one people to another

cultural syncretism

When an aspect of two or more distinct cultures blend together to create a new custom idea practice or philosophy

Han Dynasty

202 BCE-220 CE Classical Dynasty of China and continued the centralization of the Qin Established Confucianism as core of government exams founders of the silk road

Dark Ages Middle Ages

period of time after the fall of the Roman Empire characterized by lack of strong government lawlessness lack of learning and advancement

feudalism

A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king in exchange for their loyalty military service and protection of the people who live on the land

Manorialism Manor System

Economic system during the Middle Ages that revolved around self-sufficient farming estates where lords and peasants shared the land trade was local and relied on bartering

Monarchies

Countries ruled by a king or queen

Analects

a record of the words and acts of the central Chinese thinker and philosopher Confucius and his disciples Confucius teachings

Daoism

A spiritual alternative to Confucianism believes in “The Way” the universal life force connecting all living beings goal is to be one with The Way remove from worldly pursuits

Sufism Sufis

Islamic mystics who often placed more emphasis on inspirational and emotional qualities of faith than strictly following the rules Often working as merchants their devotion helped to spread Islam among many non-Arab peoples

Jewish Diaspora

the scattering of the Jewish people outside their homeland by force often resulting in “diasporic” Jewish merchant communities in trading cities around AfroEurasia

Neo-Confucianism

term that describes the resurgence and intensification of Confucianism and the attempt to rid Confucianism of Buddhist and other “foreign” elements