module 4

cardiac muscle produces movement in what body part?

heart

which connective tissue contains a high number of collage fibers aligned in parallel & makes up tendons & ligaments in the body ?

dense regular

epithelial tissue function

cover of line a portion of body for protection

cubo dial epithial tissue contains cells that are

equal in width & height

membrane composed of pseudo stratified epithelium & aerolar connective tissue is what membrane ?

mucous

which muscle tissue contains fusiform myocytes that lack striations & works to produce movements in digestive & reproductive & urinary system

smooth muscle

epithial tissue location inside serous membranes is classified as

mesothelium

an epithelial tissue w 2 layers of cells is classified as

stratified

which connective tissue contains a high number of elastic fibers aligned in parallel & provides large blood vessels w elasticity

elastic

connective tissue that contains erythrocytes, leukocytes & thrombocytes, surrounded by a significant amount of ground substance & serves to transport nutrients throughout body

blood

basal surface of epithelial tissue located where

between it & the underlying connective tissue

social surface of an epithelial tissue is located

at exposed surface

epithelial tissue is located inside pleural membrane classified as

mesothelium

epithelial cell that has an equal width & height in cross section is considered what

cuboidal

what muscle tissue contains long parallel myocytes with multiple nuclei & moves the bones out of the body

skeletal muscle

glands that secrete their product into the stomach of the digestive system are classified as

exocrine glands

an epithelial tissue w 3 layers of cells is classified as

stratified

exocrine glands might place their secretions into/onto what

skin

a columnar epithelial tissue contains cells that are

taller than they are wide

nervous tissues functions

communicate by generating & transporting electrochemical signals

an epithelial tissue w ten layers of cells is classified as

stratified

an epithelial cell that is taller than it is wide in cross section of considered what

columnar

what fibers provide elasticity to a connective tissue

elastic

mucous membrane is composed of what tissues

pseudostratified columnar & areolar

which connective tissue contains chondrocytesw a high number of collagen fibers which aid in absorbing shock & limiting movement between vertebrae (bones in the spine)

fibrocartilage

areolar tissue

type of connective tissue proper, loose CT

cutaneous membrane

epithelial tissue made up of stratified squamous epithelial cells that cover the outside of the body

histology

study tissues

goblet cell

gland in columnar epithelium

adipose tissue

specialized areolar tissue rich in stored fat

areolar tissue

(also, loose connective tissue) a type of connective tissue proper that shows little specialization with cells dispersed in the matrix

adipocytes

lipid storage cells

connective tissue

type of tissue that serves to hold in place, connect, and integrate the body’s organs and systems

collagen fiber

flexible fibrous proteins that give connective tissue tensile strength

chondrocytes

cells of the cartilage

connective tissue proper

connective tissue containing a viscous matrix, fibers, and cells.

cutaneous membrane

skin; epithelial tissue made up of a stratified squamous epithelial cells that cover the outside of the body

cardiac muscle

heart muscle, under involuntary control, composed of striated cells that attach to form fibers, each cell contains a single nucleus, contracts autonomously

dense connective tissue

connective tissue proper that contains many fibers that provide both elasticity and protection

elastic cartilage

type of cartilage, with elastin as the major protein, characterized by rigid support as well as elasticity

elastic fiber

fibrous protein within connective tissue that contains a high percentage of the protein elastin that allows the fibers to stretch and return to original size

fibrocartilage

tough form of cartilage, made of thick bundles of collagen fibers embedded in chondroitin sulfate ground substance

fluid connective tissue

specialized cells that circulate in a watery fluid containing salts, nutrients,and dissolved proteins

fibroblast

most abundant cell type in connective tissue, secretes protein fibers and matrix into the extracellular space

exocrine gland

group of epithelial cells that secrete substances through ducts that open to the skin or to internal body surfaces that lead to the exterior of the body

endothelium

tissue that lines vessels of the lymphatic and cardiovascular system, made up of a simple squamous epithelium

endocrine gland

groups of cells that release chemical signals into the intercellular fluid to be picked up and transported to their target organs by blood

ground substance

fluid or semi-fluid portion of the matrix

hyaline cartilage

most common type of cartilage, smooth and made of short collagen fibers embedded in a chondroitin sulfate ground substance

muscle tissue

type of tissue that is capable of contracting and generating tension in response to stimulation; produces movement.

mesothelium

simple squamous epithelial tissue which covers the major body cavities and is the epithelial portion of serous membranes

mucous membrane

tissue membrane that is covered by protective mucous and lines tissue exposed to the outside environment

myocyte

muscle cells

smooth muscle

under involuntary control, moves internal organs, cells contain a single nucleus, are spindle-shaped, and do not appear striated; each cell is a fiber

serous membrane

type of tissue membrane that lines body cavities and lubricates them with serous fluid

skeletal muscle

usually attached to bone, under voluntary control, each cell is a fiber that is multinucleated and striated

stratified columnar epithelium

tissue that consists of two or more layers of column-like cells, contains glands and is found in some ducts

stratified cuboidal epithelium

tissue that consists of two or more layers of cube-shaped cells, found in some ducts

simple columnar epithelium

tissue that consists of a single layer of column-like cells; promotes secretion and absorption in tissues and organs

simple cuboidal epithelium

tissue that consists of a single layer of cube-shaped cells; promotes secretion and absorption in ducts and tubules

simple squamous epithelium

tissue that consists of a single layer of flat scale-like cells; promotes diffusion and filtration across surface

nervous tissue

type of tissue that is capable of sending and receiving impulses through electrochemical signals.

neuroglia

supportive neural cells

neuron

excitable cell that produces myelin in the brain

reticular fiber

fine fibrous protein, made of collagen subunits, which cross-link to form supporting “nets” within connective tissue

reticular tissue

type of loose connective tissue that provides a supportive framework to soft organs, such as lymphatic tissue, spleen, and the liver

loose connective tissue

(also, areolar tissue) type of connective tissue proper that shows little specialization with cells dispersed in the matrix

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

tissue that consists of a single layer of irregularly shaped and sized cells that give the appearance of multiple layers; found in ducts of certain glands and the upper respiratory tract

synovial membrane

connective tissue membrane that lines the cavities of freely movable joints, producing synovial fluid for lubrication

supportive connective tissue

type of connective tissue that provides strength to the body and protects soft tissue

transitional epithelium

form of stratified epithelium found in the urinary tract, characterized by an apical layer of cells that change shape in response to the presence of urine

tissue

collection of cells working together

apical surface

exposed surface, exterior of body or internal space

Basolateral surface

Base & lateral surfaces together

Polarity

A property noting structural differences between two ends

Epithelia

Cover external & internal surfaces, Protection from abrasion, dehydration

glands

produce secretions

Non-keratinized Stratified squamous epithelium

Resists abrasion but can dry out, Lines oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, anus, vagina

Epithelium

Epithelial tissue covering exterior surfaces

Mucin

Merocrine secretion that mixes with water to form mucus

Duct

Tubing that connects an exocrine gland to an exposed surface

Extracellular Matrix

• Extracellular fibers and ground substance

• Surrounds the cells

• Accounts for majority of connective tissue volume

lymph

within lymphatic system, white blood cells, maintain solute levels

blood

within cardiovascular system

Melanocytes

Synthesize melanin pigment

Plasma cells

Immune cells producing antibodies

Dense irregular connective tissue

Thick collagen fibers arranged in random directions, Strength in many directions, Stromal tissue, Found covering visceral organs; in superficial layers of bones, cartilages, and peripheral nerves; in dermis of skin

plasma

watery matrix

erthrocyte red blood cell

transport oxygen

leukocyte white blood cell

bodily defense

lacunae

Small chambers called, Inside lacunae are cells, Chondrocyte cartilage & Osteocyte (os, bone)

Osteocyte

Bone

Chondrocyte

Cartilage

Chondroblasts

• (immature chondrocytes) divide in cellular layer of perichondrium

• Chondroblasts secrete new matrix

• Once surrounded by matrix, chondroblasts mature into chondrocytes

Osseous (os, bone) tissue (bone tissue)

Connective tissue with solid, crystalline matrix, Strong, somewhat flexible, resistant to shattering

fasciae

Surrounds and supports organs, 3 layers, superficial fascia, deep fascia, subserous fascia

Axon 

Conducts information to other cells

Dendrites

Receive information

Elastic tissue

• More elastic fibers than collagen

• Is springy and resilient

• Found between vertebrae, in ears, walls of large blood vessels, erectile tissues of penis

soma

where the nucleus lies, where the neuron's DNA is housed, and where proteins are made to be transported throughout the axon and dendrites