Energy for Movement

Fossil Fuels

Coal, Natural gas, Crude oil

Fuel- Anything that can be burned to release energy

Fossil Fuel- A fuel made from dead remains of organisms from hundreds of millions of years ago, subjected to intense heat and pressure which chemically alter them into fossil fuels.

Advantages vs Disadvantages of Fossil fuels

Advantages

-Large amounts of energy can be generated

-Easy to use

-Easy to transport

Disadvantages

-Non renewable (A recource that will run out one day)

-Releases harmful gases like carbon dioxide which results in global warming, it may contain impurities like sulpher dioxide which leads to acid rain. Then intense heat can react with the oxygen and nitrogen in the air to make nitrogen oxides which also lead acid rain.

Alternatives

• Solar energy (from solar panels) it is renewable(a resource that will never run out) and accessible but are not reliable because you do not know how sunny it will be.

• Wind energy (from wind turbines) it is renewable. 

• Hydropower is the process of generating electricity from the energy of moving water, using turbines and generators. It is renewable.

Energy stores

Magnetic energy

Kinetic energy

Internal thermal

Gravitational Potential (raised of ground)

Chemical potential energy in food, fuels and batteries

Elastic energy (energy store)

Nuclear/Atomic energy (energy store)- the energy in the nucleus of atoms

Energy Transfers

Sound energy (energy transfer)

Heating: The way things can be heated: Conduction, convection, radiation

Electrical energy (energy transfer

Light energy (energy transfer

Forces

Wasted energy

For example: If you give a lamp 100J of energy, but you got 40J in light and 60J on heat, the heat is the wasted part as you needed that energy for light.

Energy efficient- More energy will be transferred to the purpose.

Examples of senarios :A kettle heating up, Someone firing an arrow from a bow, Throwing a ball up in the air, A car driving up a hill

(A transfer of )mechanical energy is what happens when a force causes movement, transferring energy from one store to another.

1. A kettle heating up

Starts off in the chemical energy store,

transfers by electrical energy transfer to the thermal energy store of the water and kettle.

2. Someone firing an arrow from a bow

Starts off in the chemical energy store (muscles),

transfers by mechanical energy transfer to the elastic potential energy store of the bow,

and then transfers by mechanical energy transfer to the kinetic energy store of the arrow.

 

3. Throwing a ball up in the air

Starts off in the chemical energy store (muscles),

transfers by mechanical energy transfer to the kinetic energy store of the ball,

and then transfers by mechanical energy transfer to the gravitational potential energy store as it rises.

 

4. A car driving up a hill

Starts off in the chemical energy store (fuel),

transfers by mechanical energy transfer to the kinetic energy store of the car,

and then transfers by mechanical energy transfer to the gravitational potential energy store as it moves uphill.