Japanese : Chapter 14

Honors Global.

Ashikaga Shogunate

Replaced the Kamakura regime in Japan; ruled from 1336 to 1573; destroyed rival Yoshino center of imperial authority.

Ashikaga Takuaji

Member of the Minamoto family; overthrew the Kamakura regime and established the Ashikaga shogunate from 1336-1753; drove emperor from Kyoto to Yoshino.

Bakufu

Military government established by the Minamoto following the Gempei Wars; centered at Kamakura; retained emperor, but real power resided in military government and samurai.

Bushi

Regional warrior leaders in Japan; ruled small kingdoms from fortresses; administered the law, supervised public works projects, and collected revenues; built up private armies.

Chams

Indianized rivals of the Vietnamese; driven into the highlands by the successful Vietnamese drive to the south.

Choson

Earliest Korean kingdom; conquered by Han emperor in 109 B.C.E.

Daimyos

Warlord rulers of 300 small states following civil war and disruption of Ashikaga Shogunate; holdings consolidated into unified and bounded mini-states.

Fujiwara

Japanese aristocratic family in mid- 9th century; exercised exceptional influence over imperial affairs; aided in decline of imperial power.

Gempei Wars

Waged for five years from 1180, on Honshu between Taira and Minamoto families; resulted in destruction of Taira.

Heian Period

The Heian Period, which lasted from 794 to 1185, was a time in Japan known for its beautiful art and literature, including famous works like "The Tale of Genji."

Hojo

Warrior family closely allied with Minamoto; dominated Kamakura regime and manipulated Minamoto rulers who claimed to rule in name of Japanese emperors of Kyoto.

Hue

City in Vietnam that was the capital during the Nguyen Dynasty and is famous for its historic sites, including the Imperial City and beautiful temples.

Khmers

Indianized rivals of the Vietnamese; moved into Mekong River delta region at time of Vietnamese drive to the south.

Koguryo

Tribal people of northern Korea; established an independent kingdom in the northern half of the peninsula in 37 B.C.E.; adopted cultural Sinification.

Koryo Dynasty

Korean kingdom that lasted from 918 to 1392 and is known for its advancements in culture, art, and the creation of the famous blue-green celadon pottery.

Kowtow

Traditional Chinese gesture of respect where a person kneels and touches their forehead to the ground, often used to show honor to someone of higher status, like an emperor.

Le Dynasty

A succession of Vietnamese dynasties that began with the Le dynasty in 980 to 1009. Became a source of legitimacy for the rest, of the dynasties, and built Chinese-style palaces. They ruled through a bureaucracy with secretariats, six main ministries, and a bureau of censors.

Yi Dynasty

Korean dynasty that succeeded Koryo dynasty following period of Mongol invasions; established in 1392; ruled Korea to 1910; restored aristocratic dominance and Chinese influence.

Nguyens

Rival Vietnamese dynasty that arose in southern Vietnam to challenge traditional dynasty of Trinh in north at Hanoi; kingdom centered on Red and Mekong rivers; capital at Hue.

Samurai

Mounted troops of Japanese warrior leaders (Bushi); loyal to local lords, not the emperor.

Shoguns

Military leaders of the Bakufu (military governments in Japan).

Silla

independent Korean kingdom in south-eastern part of peninsula; defeated Koguryo along with their Chinese Tang allies; submitted as a vassal of the Tang emperor and agreed to tribute payment; ruled united Korea by 668.

Sinification

Extensive adaptation of Chinese culture in other regions; typical of Korea and Japan, less typical of Vietnam.

Taika Reforms

Attempt to remake Japanese monarch into an absolute Chinese style emperor; included attempts to create professional bureaucracy and peasant conscript army.

Tale of Genji

Written by Lady Murasaki; first novel in any language; relates life history of prominent and amorous son of the Japanese emperor; evidence for mannered style of Japanese society.

Trung Sisters

Leaders of one of the frequent peasant rebellions in Vietnam against Chinese rule; revolt broke out in 29 C/E; demonstrates importance of Vietnamese women in indigenous society.

Trinh

Dynasty that ruled in north Vietnam at Hanoi. 1533 to 1772; rivals of Nguyen family in south.

Seppuku

Ritual suicide or disembowelment in Japan; commonly known in West as hara-kiri; demonstrated courage and a means to restore family honor.