HB Ecology and Interdependence

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Last updated 6:06 PM on 6/2/26
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29 Terms

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carrying capacity

the largest population that an environment can support at any given time

<p>the largest population that an environment can support at any given time</p>
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density dependent factors

limiting factor that depends on population size

<p>limiting factor that depends on population size</p>
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density-independent limiting factor

limiting factor that affects all populations in similar ways, regardless of population size

<p>limiting factor that affects all populations in similar ways, regardless of population size</p>
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chemotroph (chemoautotroph)

an organism such as a bacterium or protozoan, that obtains its nourishment through the oxidation of inorganic chemical compounds, as opposed to photosynthesis.

<p>an organism such as a bacterium or protozoan, that obtains its nourishment through the oxidation of inorganic chemical compounds, as opposed to photosynthesis.</p>
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Phototrophs

organisms that get energy from light

<p>organisms that get energy from light</p>
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Detritivore

organism that feeds on plant and animal remains and other dead matter

<p>organism that feeds on plant and animal remains and other dead matter</p>
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Decomposer

an organism, especially a soil bacterium or fungus that recycles organic material.

<p>an organism, especially a soil bacterium or fungus that recycles organic material.</p>
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r-selected species

Species that reproduce early in their life span and produce large numbers of usually small and short-lived offspring in a short period.

<p>Species that reproduce early in their life span and produce large numbers of usually small and short-lived offspring in a short period.</p>
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K-selected species

Species that produce a few, often fairly large offspring but invest a great deal of time and energy to ensure that most of those offspring reach reproductive age.

<p>Species that produce a few, often fairly large offspring but invest a great deal of time and energy to ensure that most of those offspring reach reproductive age.</p>
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Mutualism (+/+)

Interaction that benefits both species

<p>Interaction that benefits both species</p>
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Parasitism (+/- interaction)

One organism benefits and the other is harmed

<p>One organism benefits and the other is harmed</p>
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Commensalism (+/0)

A relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected

<p>A relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected</p>
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Predation (+/- interaction)

An interaction in which one organism kills another for food.

<p>An interaction in which one organism kills another for food.</p>
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competition (+/-)

a relationship in which two species fight for resources

<p>a relationship in which two species fight for resources</p>
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trophic cascade

indirect effects in a community that are initiated by a predator

<p>indirect effects in a community that are initiated by a predator</p>
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Biomagnification

the concentration of toxins in an organism as a result of its ingesting other plants or animals in which the toxins are more widely disbursed.

<p>the concentration of toxins in an organism as a result of its ingesting other plants or animals in which the toxins are more widely disbursed.</p>
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10% rule of energy transfer

This rule specifically refers to energy transfer in a food chain.

<p>This rule specifically refers to energy transfer in a food chain.</p>
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nitrogen and phosphorus

are the mineral nutrients that usually limit the amount of phytoplankton in a lake or pond.

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population formula

(birth + immigration) - (death + emigration)

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habitat

the natural home or environment of an animal, plant, or other organism.

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abiotc factors

non-living parts of an ecosystem

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Herbivore

organism that obtains energy by eating only plants

<p>organism that obtains energy by eating only plants</p>
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Omnivore

An animal that eats both plants and animals

<p>An animal that eats both plants and animals</p>
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Teritiary consumers

eat secondary consumers

<p>eat secondary consumers</p>
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exponential growth

Population growth that is unhindered because of the abundance of resources for an ever-increasing population.

<p>Population growth that is unhindered because of the abundance of resources for an ever-increasing population.</p>
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logistic growth curve

The S-shaped growth curve. growth rate slows down, and the population fluctuates around carrying capacity

<p>The S-shaped growth curve. growth rate slows down, and the population fluctuates around carrying capacity</p>
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rate of population growth

A statistic, expressed as a percentage, that indicates the growth rate of a population in a given time period and that includes not only births and deaths but also migration.

<p>A statistic, expressed as a percentage, that indicates the growth rate of a population in a given time period and that includes not only births and deaths but also migration.</p>
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community ecology

the study of interactions between species

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ecosystem ecology

The study of energy flow and the cycling of chemicals among the various biotic and abiotic components in an ecosystem.