Milady Esthetics Chapter 4 Disorders & Diseases of the Skin

dermatology

branch of medical science that studies and treats the skin and it's disorders

Lesions

structural changes in the tissues caused by damage or injury; any mark, wound or abnormality; 3 types (primary, secondary, tertiary)

primary lesion

lesions in the initial stages of development or change; characterized by flat, non-palpable changes in skin color or by elevations formed by fluid in a cavity, such as vesicles or pustules

tertiary lesion

also known as vascular lesions; vascular lesions involve the blood or circulatory system

secondary lesion

characterized by piles of material on the skin surface, such as crust or scab. or by depressions in the skin surface, such as an ulcer; these may require a medical referral

bulla

primary lesion; large blisters containing watery fluid

cyst/tubercle

primary lesion; closed, abnormally developed sac that contains pus, semi fluid or morbid matter above or below the skin

crust

secondary lesion; dead cells that form over a wound or blemish while healing

excoriation

secondary lesion; skin sore or abrasion produced by scratching or scraping

fissure

secondary lesion; crack in the skin that penetrates the dermis

keloid

secondary lesion; thick scar resulting from excessive growth of fibrous tissue

macule

primary lesion; flat spot or discoloration on the skin

nodule

primary lesion; a solid bump larger than .4 inches that can easily be felt

papule

primary lesion; a small elevation on the skin that contains no fluid but may contain pus

pustule

primary lesion; raised, inflamed papule with a white or yellow center containing pus in the top lesion

scale

secondary lesion; thin, dry or oily plate of epidermal flakes

scar/cicatrix

secondary lesion; slightly raised or depressed area of skin that forms as a result of the healing process related to an injury or lesion

tumor

primary lesion; abnormal mass varying in size, shape and color

ulcer

secondary lesion; open lesion on skin, accompanied by loss of skin depth and possible weeping of fluids or pus

vesicle

primary lesion; small blister or sac containing clear fluid, lying within or just beneath the epidermis

wheal

primary lesion; itchy, swollen lesion that can be caused by a blow, scratch, bite of an insect or urticaria

urticaria

hives; caused by an allergic reaction from the body's histamine production

What causes skin cancer

damage to DNA

actinic keratosis

pink or flesh colored, feels sharp or rough

basal cell carcinoma

Most common and least severe type of skin cancer

squamous cell carcinoma

characterized by scaly, red or pink pa pules or nodules. can grow and spread to other areas of the body

malignant melanoma

deadly, can metastasize throughout the body

Changes to look for when checking for moles

ABCDE- Asymmetry, irregular Border, Color, Diameter, Evolving appearance

Acne

inflammatory skin disorder of the sebaceous glands, characterized by sebum production; medically known as acne simplex or acne vulgaris

comedo

a non-inflamed build up of cells, sebum and other debris inside follicles

open comedo

Blackhead open at the surface and exposed to air

closed comedo

forms when openings of the follicles are blocked with debris

sebaceous filaments

small, solidified impactions of oil without the cell matter; often found on the nose

milia

whitish, pearl-like masses of sebum; usually found around the eyes, cheeks and forehead

retention hyperkeratosis

hereditary factor in which dead skin cells build up

sebaceous hyperplasia

often white, yellow or flesh colored. described as doughnut-shaped with an indentation in the center

seborrhea

in the scalp, it is called dandruff

grade 1 acne

minor breakouts, mostly open comedones, some closed comedones and a few papules

grade 2 acne

many closed comedones, more open comedones and occasional papules and pustules

grade 3 acne

red and inflamed, many comedones, papules, and pustules

grade 4 acne

cystic acne. cysts with comedones, papules, pustules and inflammation are present. scar formation from tissue damage is common

why are medical professionals reducing the use of antibiotic treatments for acne?

the risk of antibiotic resistance

antibiotics for acne can be used

both topically and orally

rosacea

starts with flushing and increasing bouts of redness, can affect the eyes. spicy foods, alcohol, caffeine, temperature extremes, heat & sun aggravate symptoms; soothing facials & light exfoliation treats rosacea

telangiectasia

visible capillaries commonly found on the face, particularly around the nose, cheeks & chin; is a cosmetic irregularity & not a medical condition

sclerotherapy

can cause smaller vessels to disappear; treatment for varicose veins

hyperpigmentation

overproduction of pigment

hypopigmentation

lack of pigment

melasma

type of hormonal hyperpigmentation disorder that first appears during pregnancy or with the use of birth control pills; symmetrical. often found on forehead, cheeks, upper lip & chin

lentigo

Flat, pigmented area similar to a freckle

ephelids

known as freckles. tiny, round or oval pigmented areas of skin on areas exposed to the sun

nevus

birthmark

poikiloderma of civatte

skin condition caused by actinic bronzing to the sides of face & neck

postinflammatory hyperpigmentation

darkened pigmentation due to an injury

tan

results from exposure to the sun

leukoderma

loss of pigmentation leading to light, abnormal patches of depigmented skin; congenital disorder acquired due to immunological & post-inflammatory causes

albinism

rare genetic condition; lack of pigment in the body

vitiligo

an autoimmune disorder; characterized by irregular white patches of skin that lack pigment

versicolor

fungal condition, caused by yeast. characterized by white, brown or salmon colored flaky patches

dermatitis

inflammatory condition of the skin

contact dermatitis

caused by occupational disorders from ingredients in cosmetics & chemical solutions

allergic contact dermatitis

caused by exposure to and direct skin contact with an allergen

sensitization

increased or exaggerated sensitivity to products

perorial dermatitis

acne-like condition around the moth that may be caused by toothpaste or products used on the face

eczema

an inflammatory, painful itching disease of the skin that can be acute or chronic in nature with dry or moist lesions

stasis dermatitis

Inflammation of the skin due to decreased circulation

hyperkeratosis

thickening of the skin caused by a mass of keratinocytes

keratoma

an acquired, thickened patch of epidermis. a callus caused by pressure or friction

keratosis

abnormally thick buildup of cells

keratosis pilaris

Redness and bumpiness in the cheeks or upper arms; caused by blocked follicles

mole

pigmented nevus

psoriasis

chronic skin condition producing red lesions covered with silvery scales

skin tag

small outgrowth or extension of skin that looks like a flap

impetigo

clusters of small blisters or crusty lesions

conjunctivitis

pink eye, infection of conjunctiva

tinea corporis

ringworm

herpes zoster

Shingles; painful red blisters

herpes simplex virus 1

Strain of the herpes virus that causes fever blisters or cold sores; it is a recurring, contagious viral infection consisting of a vesicle or group of vesicles on a red, swollen base. The blisters usually appear on the lips or nostrils.

verruca

wart caused by a virus

tinea

A fungal infection of the skin, hair, or nails; also known as ringworm.

herpes simplex virus 2

genital herpes; waxing may cause a breakout

onychomycosis

thick, brittle, discolored nails

dermatillomania

compulsive skin picking, often to the point of physical damage; an impulse control disorder

body dysmorphic disorder

a disorder characterized by the unrealistic perception of physical flaws

furuncle

boil; suppurative inflammatory skin lesion due to infected hair follicle

erythema

Redness caused by inflammation; a red lesion is erythemic.

folliculitis

when hair grows under the surface of the skin instead of growing up and out of the follicle, causing a bacterial infection

anhidrosis

abnormal condition of no sweat

bromhidrosis

foul smelling perspiration found on armpits or feet

hyperhidrosis

abnormal condition of excessive sweat caused by heat, genetics or medications

diaphoresis

excessive sweating due to an underlying medical condition

miliaria rubra

Prickly heat; acute inflammatory disorder of the sweat glands

urticaria

medical term for hives