concepts exam 1

concept based curriculum

improves critical thinking skills and teaches students how to be generalists (able to transfer knowledge from one scenario to another); more efficent; higher-level thinking + lifelong learning, learn concepts and application instead of memorizing content

concepts-based looks like

focusing on big ideas, organizing and categorizing info, understanding broader principles that can be applied to scenarios, thinking critically by applying previous knowledge and experience, connecting knowledge

student benefits of concepts-based

accommodate learning styles, develop critical thinking, efficiently deliver content, provide framework, link concepts to delivery of care, more active classroom role, streamlined content, higher level of retention, application and concept linking, recognize features of a condition and apply knowledge

faculty benefits of concept-based

reduces content overload, able to provide in-depth guidance, clinical reasoning skills are easier to teach, easier to meet needs of diverse learners, concentrate on preparing learners for success

christian worldview

the reality of the spiritual dimension of people and the importance of faith and prayer; not our job to convert every single patient, our actions and attitude in care shows Christ-like love; allowing faith to influence the care given;

PIES

physical, intellectual, emotional, and spiritual dimensions of the patient

concept of calling

a gift from God that offers human salvation and a relationship with God and offers humans a way of life that responds to the grace and gifts received…God calls us foremost to a relationship and then to respond by offering our lives for God’s service

concept of caring

umbrella for engaging in relationships with others and providing and supporting meaningful exchanges between the person and the nurse; to care or give special attention to

concept of agape love

selfless, sacrificial, unconditional love based on the love of Jesus Christ; charitable or caring for strangers; often difficult because patients can be difficult and unlovable

concept of christian commitment

love, obey, and follow God with our whole being

christian nursing

faithful response to God’s salvation; we love because he first loved us; that love is loved out in compassionate action toward our neighbors; commited to personal and spiritual growth

why do we practice christian nursing?

the Bible tells us to care for the sick and the poor and provide care with compassion; we can provide hope in the midst of hopeless situations

how do we practice christian nursing

allow the Holy Spirit to guide personally and professionally, which is an act of worship; example: pray before going in to work, pray with patients before surgery, etc.

what does christian nursing look like

intentional, respectful of all regardless of faith or culture; focused, dynamic care, inspired by the qualities of Christ and influenced by the Holy Spirit; excellence in acts, attitudes, behaviors, thoughts, deeds, and self-care; empathetic, warm, genuine, kind

prayer life in nursing

incorporate prayer into care through asking to pray before surgery, pray before and during shifts

why the christian worldview

to be the character of Christ, increase patient satisfaction; spiritual care benefits all aspects of patient care and fosters better outcomes

study skills for nursing

stay up on content and review every week; review course content the evening of the class + once during week; prepare for upcoming class + review previous content; prepare for class; be engaged in class

teaching concept

teaching is intellectual work; that teachers have a range of roles, including information deliverer and team coach

learning concept

a process of active construction; a social phenomenon as well as an individual experience

learning style

indicated the preferences that an individual has for perceiving and processing information, not the ability to learn the material

nursing: an art and a science

compassionate, courageous, skilled, passionate; caring for people in the midst of health, pain, loss, fear, disfigurement, death, grieving, challenge, growth, birth, and transition on an intimate frontline basis; privileged place of nursing

nursing as a science

knowledge and skill behind care; application theory; chem; psych; development

nursing as an art

caring, skilled application of knowledge, application of science, culturally sensitive, holistic treatment

nursing is a profession

well-defined body of specific and unique knowledge, strong service orientation, code of ethics, professional organization that sets standards, ongoing research, autonomy and self-regulation

focus of nursing

the patient; including the physical, emotional, social, and spiritual dimensions of that person

early nursing

angels of mercy, handmaidens, clara barton

angels of mercy

influence of religion, wisdom, and devotion to patients, visited the sick, and provided care in spite of risk. self-sacrificing like the religious life

handmaidens

worked in dependence to the doctors

lay nurse

Clara Barton; without official training

florence nightingale

lobbied politicians for need of public health reform; infection control; reduced death rate from 42% to 2%; promoted public health and epidemiology; established the first training school for nurses; challenged prejudices against women and elevated the status of nurses; noted the environment helped people recuperate

what is health

state of optimal functioning, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

factors affecting health

genetic inheritance, cognitive abilities, food shortage, parasitic water, educational level, race and ethnicity, age and gender, culture, developmental level, lifestyle, environment, socioeconomic status, education

aims of nursing

promoting health, restoring health, preventing illness, facilitate coping with death and disability

promoting health

identifying, analyzing, and maximizing each patient’s individual strengths; foster the patient’s highest level of well-being; patient is not sick; help establish healthy routines

restoring health

fostering a return to health for those already ill; change dressing, give meds, teach how to care for themselves

preventing illness

focuses on avoidance of disease, infection, and other comorbidities; targeted to reduce the risk of developing or to minimize the risk of exposure; more specific and focused on preventing a specific condition or complication

facilitate coping with death and disability

promote respectful care of those terminally ill or dying; maximizing the person’s strengths and potentials, teaching, and referral to community support systems

ASN vs BSN

take the same exam but BSN has classes like leadership and community health, providing a more well-rounded education

standards for nursing

activities specific and unique to nursing; used to judge the RNs performance, develop an improvement plan, and understand what employers expect of them; part of the RNs annual eval at place of employment

nurse practice acts

laws the regulate nursing practice, define legal scope of nursing practice in each state, create a state board of nursing to make and enforce regulations and rules, define important terms and activities in nursing, establish criteria for the education and licensure of nurses, protect the public

trends to watch for

concept based curriculum, aging population, nurse shortage, community, increased complexity of patients, increased tech use, more educated consumers, more mid-level practitioners, more collaboration among nurses and other healthcare providers, increased use of unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP)

how to take a nursing test

use positive self-talk, read each question slowly and deliberately, look for any absolute words (prob not correct), look for priority words (first, early, etc., these words are key), choose the best answer, don’t change answers unless absolutely sure

nursing is a profession focused on

assisting people, families, and communities to attain, recover, and maintain optimum health and function from birth to old age

nurses act as a bridge between

an often extremely vulnerable public and the healthcare resources that can literally make the difference between life and death, health and disease or disability, and well-being and discomfort

florence nightingale

differentiated nursing from medicine, created freestanding nursing education, published books about nursing and healthcare, defined nursing as both an art and a science, called the founder of modern nursing

drawback of hospital schools

unclear guidelines on the separation of nursing service and education because they were organized to provide easily controlled, less expensive hospital staff

ways nursing has broadened

wide variety of healthcare settings, development of a specific body of knowledge, conduct and publication of nursing research, recognition of the role of nursing in promoting access to affordable quality healthcare

nurse definition

“to nourish”; a person who nourishes, fosters, and protects and who is prepared to take of sick, injured, aged, and dying people

roles and functions of nurses

caregiver, communicator, teacher/educator, counselor, leader, researcher, advocate, and collaborator

what is prevention

anticipatory action taken to prevent the occurrence of an event or to minimize its effects after it has occurred

examples of prevention

smoking-cessation programs, stress-reduction seminars, aerobic exercise classes, physical fitness programs

examples of restoring health

performing assessments that detect illness, collaborating with other healthcare providers in providing care

reciprocal licensure

issued by the state for nurses to legally practice

who may sit for NCLEX-RN exam

graduates of the diploma, associate degree, and BSN programs

top concerns of nursing’s professional organizations

current issues in nursing and healthcare

benefits of belonging to a professional nursing organization

networking with colleagues, having a voice in legislation affecting nursing, and keeping current with trends and issues

national student nurses association (NSNA)

the national organization for students enrolled in nursing education programs

each nurse

is accountable for their own quality of practice and is responsible for the use of these standards to ensure knowledgeable, safe, and comprehensive nursing care

board of nursing

has the legal authority to allow graduates of approved schools to take the licensing examination

challenges of modern day nursing

increasing healthcare costs, growing population of hospitalized patients that are older and more acutely ill, need to stay current with rapid advances in medical terminology and knowledge

messages from IOM’s the future of nursing report

nurses should practice to the full extent of their education and training, achieve higher levels of education and training, be full partners in redesigning healthcare in the US, effective workforce planning and policy making require better data collection and an improved information infrastructure

communication

the process of exchanging information and generating and transmitting meanings between two or more people

stimulus

initiates the communication process

source/sender

those who initiate the communication process

message

actual communication from the source

channel

the method the sender has chosen to target the senses of the receiver

receiver

translate and interprets the message sent and received

feedback

confirmation of the message received indicating that the message was understood

noise

factors that hinder the quality of the message; may occur at any point in the process

forms of communication

verbal and nonverbal

factors of verbal communication

intellectual development, educational level, geographic and cultural origin; english not first language

nonverbal communication

may be a truer form of communication; nurses need to be aware; understanding cultural variations; touch, eye contact, facial expressions, posture, gait, gestures

touch

familial, regional, class, cultural influences; may been seen as comforting and supportive; observe for cues as to how to client views touch; clients with a history of abuse may find it uncomfortable

eye contact

desirable, avoid staring; cultural variations

facial expressions

need to know how to control these

posture (body language)

open: facing client, both feet on floor, hands at side

closed: crossing legs or arms folded across chest

factors influencing communication

developmental level, gender, sociocultural differences, roles and responsibilities, space and territoriality, physical, mental, emotional state, environment

developmental level

understand developmental levels

10yr: explain simply without being frightening

adolescent: more detailed and accurate explanations, use of slang

adults: affected by past health experiences

older adults: hearing or sight problems, confusion, depression

gender

be aware when communicating with patients of opposite ______

sociocultural differences

culture; lifestyle, language, behaviors, tradition, beliefs; identify prejudices or attitudes that may be a barrier to effective communication; avoid medical terminology, use medical interpreters when needed

roles and responsibilities

respect patient roles and responsibilities without denying care; don’t ignore uncomplaining patients

space and territoriality

3 feet apart is comfortable

physical, mental, emotional state

physical comfort and well-being; cognitively challenged

environment

minimize distractions, ensure privacy, children may communicate better with parent, favorite stuffed animal, or blanket nearby

therapeutic communication/helping relationship

allows people to provide and receive assistance built on patient needs; achieve common goals; establish rapport and trust; purposeful; professional;

goals of the helping relationship

cooperatively determined between nurse & patient; defined in terms of patient’s needs: increased independence, greater feelings of worth, and improved health and well-being; nurses select interventions to attain patient goals

orientation phase

develop trust, communicate care and respect; data gathering → nurse introduction → clarification of roles → orientation to facility → nurse should exhibit openness and interest in client concerns

working phase

work cooperatively to achieve common goals; nurse works with patient to meet needs; purposeful interactions to achieve goals; provides assistance for ADLs; nurse performs roles of teacher, counselor, advocate, etc.; motivate patient to learn and implement health-promoting activities

termination phase

change of shift, patient discharge, death; examine goals to determine how much progress has been made; encourage patient to express emotions; assist patient with transition

factors that promote communication

dispositional traits: warmth and friendliness; openness and respect; empathy; honesty, authenticity, and trust; caring; competence

rapport building

feeling of mutual trust experienced by people through a satisfactory relationship; specific objectives, comfortable environment, privacy, confidentiality, patient vs task-focus, using nursing observations, optimal pacing

active listening

refraining from other internal mental activities

active observation

watching the speaker’s non-verbal actions

listening skills

don’t cross legs or arms, take sufficient time, be alert, relaxed, keep conversation natural; maintain eye contact, use appropriate facial expressions; think before responding; don’t pretend to listen; listen for themes

silence

comfort and content, demonstrate stoicism, ability to cope without help, exploring inner thoughts and feelings, fearful and using as an escape, anger, culture may require longer pauses, allow client sufficient time to respond

touch

weigh benefit vs risk of touching with each person; many older people long for it, physical closeness between patient and nurse is essential, therapeutic touch

humor

keep a sense of humor; used inappropriately is can be destructive

open-ended question

allows wide range of responses; prevents a simple yes or no response

closed question

provides receiver with limited choice of response; able to be answered with one or two words; used to gather specific information

validating (restating) question

validates what the nurse believes the patient has said; don’t use too frequently - patient may think the nurse isn’t listening