Chapter 10: Childhood Disorders

Prenatal diagnoses

Prenatal diagnoses

________ can be obtained with either chorionic villus sampling or amniocentesis.

Amniocentesis

________: a prenatal test in which a small amount of amniotic fluid is removed from the sac surrounding the fetus for testing.

Speculation

________: abnormal development in regions of the brain involved with language, cognition, and social communication leads to abnormal connections with other parts of the brain.

Dyslexia

________ is conceptualized within a model that is dependent on many factors (genetic and environmental)

100+

________ genes are linked to an increased risk for autism.

syndrome

Down ________ can be diagnosed by prenatal screening tests.

ASD

________- affected children at 1- 2 years old show abnormal growth of the brain.

GWAS

________ (Genome wide association studies) in dyslexia have identified genetic variants that only account for <1 % of risk.

ADHD

________ impairs normal function to a significant degree in different settings:

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

________ (ADHD): Characterized by excessively inattentive, hyperactive, or impulsive behaviors.

Down syndrome

________ is associated with around 50 physical /developmental characteristics.

Dyslexic readers

________ have functional inefficiency in an extensive neural system in the posterior portion of the brain.

Chorionic villus sampling

________ (CVS): obtaining a sample of the chorionic villi in the placenta to get the fetuss DNA.

Therapy

________ is guided by an increased understanding of how the brain normally reacts to learning, bonding, and social challenge as it develops.

DS babies

________ develop as much as typical children but at a slower rate.

sample of amniotic fluid

The ________ is removed through a fine needle inserted into the uterus through the abdomen, under ultrasound guidance.

Prefrontal circuits

________ need an optimal level of catecholamine stimulation.

Dyslexia

________: unexpected difficulty in speaking & reading in children & adults who otherwise possess the intelligence, motivation, and schooling necessary for accurate fluent reading.

syndrome

Down ________: caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21.

Autism Spectrum Disorder

________ is typically diagnosed based on behavior in children around 3 years old.

ADHD

________ has a strong genetic influence.

Dyslexia

________ affects 80 % of learning disabled individuals.

Speculation

abnormal development in regions of the brain involved with language, cognition, and social communication leads to abnormal connections with other parts of the brain

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

A condition characterized by excessively inattentive, hyperactive, or impulsive behaviors.

Children

among friends, at school and home

Adults

at work and home

Striatum

a part of the midbrain

Medications

stimulants (methylphenidate) and non-stimulant drugs

Down syndrome

A congenital condition caused by having an extra copy of chromosome 21.

Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

Obtaining a sample of the chorionic villi in the placenta to get the fetus's DNA.

Amniocentesis

A prenatal test in which a small amount of amniotic fluid is removed from the sac surrounding the fetus for genetic testing.

Dyslexia

An unexpected difficulty in speaking & reading in children & adults who otherwise possess the intelligence, motivation, and schooling necessary for accurate fluent reading.