Module 1

Council of Europe

An international organization established to promote democracy and human rights across Europe.

Schuman Declaration

A proposal made on May 9, 1950, that led to the creation of the European Coal and Steel Community, thereby marking a significant step towards European integration.

ECSC

European Coal and Steel Community, established in 1951 as a precursor to the European Union.

Monnet method

A process of supranational cooperation in limited areas to foster closer union among European nations.

Decolonisation

The process of gaining independence from colonial rule, particularly significant in the context of European nations after World War II.

Suez Crisis

A diplomatic and military confrontation in 1956 involving Egypt, Israel, the UK, and France over control of the Suez Canal.

EEC

European Economic Community, established by the Treaty of Rome in 1957 to create a common market among member states.

Luxembourg Compromise

An agreement made in 1966 that allowed for unanimous voting in cases of important national interests within the EEC.

Single European Act

A 1986 treaty that aimed to create a unified internal market in the European Community.

Copenhagen criteria

Criteria established by the European Council defining whether a country is eligible for EU membership, focusing on democracy, rule of law, and human rights.

Neofunctionalism

A theory of European integration suggesting that integration in one area will lead to cooperation in others.

Liberal Intergovernmentalism

A theory positing that European integration results from negotiations between member states, focusing on national interests.

Brexit

The process of the United Kingdom leaving the European Union, resulting in significant political and economic changes.

Euratom

European Atomic Energy Community, established alongside the EEC to foster cooperation in the nuclear energy sector.

Common Agricultural Policy

EU policy aimed at supporting farmers and enhancing agricultural productivity across member states.

High Authority

The executive body of the ECSC, which is considered a predecessor to the European Commission.

European Commission

The executive branch of the European Union responsible for proposing legislation and managing EU policies.

EuroAfrica

A historical concept regarding the pooling of European and African colonial interests, particularly during the early 20th century.

Atlantropa

A proposed project by Herman Sörgel to dam the Gibraltar Strait and lower the Mediterranean Sea level, aiming to connect Europe and Africa economically.