A&P II - CH. 27 - Reproductive System

Mastering HW - BIOL 2302 - Kasparian

4 haploid cells, each genetically different from parent cell

What are the final products of meiosis?

to produce cells with half the chromosome number of the original spermatogonium or oogonium

What is the function of meiosis?

prophase I

At what point during meiosis do homologous chromosomes pair up?

meiosis II

Which of these meiosis stages is functionally the most similar to mitosis?

production of sex hormones

Which of the following is considered a role of primary sex organs?

23; haploid

The number of chromosomes in a human gamete is __________; this is referred to as a __________ chromosome number.

The sister chromatids are separated from each other.

All of the following things occur during meiosis I. Select the statement below that does NOT occur during meiosis I.

It is a significant source of genetic variation only during meiosis I.

Select the statement which is true regarding independent

assortment.

seminiferous tubule, rete testis, epididymis, ductus deferens

Which of the following shows the correct pathway for sperm cells as they leave the testes?

passage of sperm cells from the epididymis to the urethra

If a male undergoes a vasectomy, which of the following can no longer take place?

Spermatogenesis is temperature sensitive.

Why are the male testes located in the scrotum, outside the abdominopelvic cavity?

seminiferous tubules

Sperm are produced in the __________.

They regulate the temperature of the testes.

The dartos and cremaster muscles are important to the integrity of the male reproductive system. Which of the following best describes the role they play?

ductus deferens

Which organ of the male duct system runs from the scrotum into the pelvic cavity?

epididymis: produces sperm

Which male reproductive structure is NOT correctly matched with its function?

corpus spongiosum

The duct system of the male reproductive system includes all but which of the following?

prepuce (foreskin)

Which portion of the penis is removed during circumcision?

The prostate encircles the urethra just inferior to the bladder.

Select the true statement regarding the male accessory glands.

seminal glands

Which of the following structures produces the greatest amount of the secretions found in semen?

testis: clear, viscous mucus that neutralizes urine

Which gland is NOT matched with its type of secretion?

True

The secretions of the bulbo-urethral glands neutralize traces of acidic urine in the urethra and serve as a lubricant during sexual intercourse.

relaxation of muscle tissue in arteries

Although effective in treating erectile dysfunction, Viagra has the side effect of reducing systemic blood pressure by causing ______.

a parasympathetic reflex that promotes release of nitric oxide

Erection of the penis results from ________.

sustentocytes

Which cells surround and nourish developing sperm?

early spermatids

Which of these cells would contain 23 chromosomes?

type A daughter cells

Which of the following cells remains at the basal lamina to continue the pool of dividing germ cells?

to prevent activation of the immune system of the male against the developing sperm

What is the function of the blood testis barrier?

False

Spermatogenesis is meiotic cell division that produces four genetically identical sperm cells.

acrosome

Which portion of the sperm contains the enzymes needed to penetrate the oocyte?

interstitial endocrine cells

The cells that produce testosterone in the testis are called ________.

Each spermatid forms two sperm.

Which of the following statements about spermatogenesis is NOT true?

inhibin

Which of the following reduces circulating blood levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) when the sperm count is high?

sustentocytes (nurse cells)

What is the testicular target for follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)?

testosterone

Which hormone promotes the formation of male secondary sex characteristics such as the appearance of pubic, axillary, and facial hair; enhanced hair growth on the chest; and a deepening voice?

interstitial endocrine cells: increased androgen secretions

In males, which of the following includes the correct target of LH stimulation and subsequent response?

follicle-stimulating hormone; androgen-binding protein

The release of __________ encourages sustentocytes to release __________.

GnRH

Which of the following hormones controls the release of anterior pituitary gonadotropins?

stimulates the HPG axis

Which of the choices below is NOT a function of testosterone?

involves FSH and LH release from the anterior pituitary

The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis ________.

decreased testosterone secretion

A low secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) in the normal male adult would cause ________.

estradiol

Which of the following female sex hormones is most responsible for estrogenic effects?

True

The membrane surrounding the ovary is the tunica albuginea.

False

Ovarian follicles contain mature eggs.

ampulla of the uterine tube

Which structure is the site where fertilization usually occurs?

It connects the uterus to the labia majora.

Which of the following statements best describes the round ligament?

functional layer of the endometrium; basal layer of the endometrium

The __________ is shed during each menstruation and is then regenerated by the __________.

The pH of the adult vagina is alkaline.

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the vagina of an adult female?

The narrow portion of the uterus near the cervix is the most typical site of fertilization.

Of the following statements, select the statement that is NOT true of uterine function.

uterine tubes

The structures that receive the ovulated oocyte, providing a site for fertilization, are called the ________.

myometrium

Which layer of the uterus is made of smooth muscle?

decreased number of cilia in the uterine tubes

Which of the following conditions might contribute to an increased probability of having an ectopic pregnancy?

labia majora

Which of the following female structures is homologous to the male scrotum?

clitoris

Which structure(s) of the female's external genitalia has/have erectile tissue?

alveoli

What part(s) of the breast produce(s) milk?

False (Only activate during pregnancy. Non-pregnant women mammary glands are underdeveloped).

The mammary glands are well developed in all females.

vesicular

Meiosis I completes in a ____ follicle just before ovulation.

secondary oocyte

Which of the following cells is released during ovulation?

The number of functional gametes produced is different.

What is the main difference between oogenesis and spermatogenesis in terms of meiosis?

Unequal cytoplasmic division ensures that a fertilized egg has ample nutrients for its journey to the uterus.

Why does only one egg, rather than four eggs, develop during oogenesis, given that spermatogenesis results in four sperm formed from one stem cell?

True

Oocytes complete meiosis II before true fertilization occurs.

they have the same number of chromosomes

Human egg and sperm are similar in that ________.

One follicle becomes the dominant follicle

Select the statement that describes a follicular phase event of the ovarian cycle

the follicular phase

Formation of a secondary oocyte occurs during __________.

LH

Which hormone is the necessary trigger for ovulation to occur?

The corpus luteum may cease production of progesterone too soon.

A couple is undergoing evaluation for difficulty conceiving a child. The female is able to ovulate, and the male produces adequate normal sperm. The woman reports 20 days between menses. What problem does this suggest?

True

Ovulation occurs when the ballooning ovary wall ruptures and expels the secondary oocyte.

False

The corpus luteum secretes progesterone only.

Ovulation occurs.

What event coincides with the transition from the proliferative phase to the secretory phase?

menstrual phase

During what phase of the female's uterine cycle is the uterine lining shed?

corpus luteum

What ovarian structure forms at the beginning of the secretory phase, encouraging its progress, and then degenerates just before menses?

vesicular follicles

What structure is the target for gonadotropin stimulation occurring during the events that lead to ovulation?

luteinizing hormone (LH)

A surge in __________ directly triggers ovulation.

the endometrium prepares for implantation

During the secretory phase of the uterine cycle, __________.

promotes oogenesis

Which of the following is an effect of estrogens in females?

in about 10 days

If a woman has just ended her menstrual phase, when is she most likely to ovulate?

corpus luteum secretion

Which is NOT a part of the proliferative phase of the female menstrual cycle?

progesterone

During the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle, ________ reaches its highest levels.

regression of the corpus luteum and a decrease in ovarian progesterone secretion

Which of the following phases or processes in the monthly reproductive cycle of the female occur simultaneously?

False

In females, orgasm is required for fertilization.

A refractory period follows orgasm.

Which of the following does NOT occur in both the male and female sexual response?

Genital warts

Human papillomavirus

Syphilis

Treponema pallidum

Gonorrhea

Causes urethritis in males

Genital herpes

Human herpes simplex virus

Chlamydia

Pathogen responsible for 25-50% of all diagnosed cases of pelvic inflammatory disease.

genital herpes

Which of the following is incurable?

Syphilis is caused by a virus that may lead to death if untreated.

Which of these statements about sexually transmitted infections is FALSE?

yellow-green vaginal discharge and strong odor

A patient with trichomoniasis, if they have any symptoms at all, will most likely exhibit which of the following?