Methods of Science 1.1 Vocabulary

Qualitative observation

A description of color, odor, shape, or other characteristics 

Quantitative observation

A numerical observation

experiment

tests the effect of one thing on another using a control.

independent variable

The factor in an experiment that is manipulated or changed to observe its effects

dependent variable

The factor in an experiment that is measured or observed

variable

A factor that can change in an experiment, affecting the outcome.

constant

A factor in an experiment that remains unchanged throughout the course of the investigation

control

The standard by which test results can be compared

Bias

Affects the interpretation of results, leading to a preference for certain outcomes over others

model

A representation of an idea, event, or object to help someone better understand it

scientific theory

An explanation based on knowledge gained from many observations and investigations

scientific law

A statement about what happens in nature and that seems to be true all the time

Claim

A statement that answers the question of a scientific method

Evidence

Supports or refutes a claim in a scientific investigation, typically derived from observations or experiments.

Reasoning

The logical connection between evidence and the claim in scientific thinking, explaining why the evidence supports the claim.