Grade 11 chemistry - molecular compounds and intermolecular forces

Renewable resource

A natural substance that replenishes itself as it is used

Non renewable resource

A natural resource that cannot be replaced as quickly as it is consumed

Petrochemical

A compound manufactured from a fossil fuel

Recycling

Converting a product back into material that can be used to make new goods

Biodegradable

Capable of being broken down (decomposed) rapidly by the action of moisture, heat and micro-organisms

Compostable

The ability of a material to decompose naturally, resulting in product that is able to sustain plant life

Upcycling

The process of converting an industrial material or product into something of similar or greater value

Polar molecule

A molecule in which the uneven distribution of electrons results in a positive charge at one end and a negative charge at the other end

Non-polar molecule

A molecule in which the electrons see equally distributed among the atoms, resulting in no localized charges

Intermolecular force

The attractive force between molecules

Surface tension

A phenomenon, caused by forces of attraction between molecules, that leads to the formation of a skin-like film on the surface of a liquid

The strength of intermolecular forces determines the following physical properties of molecular compounds:

-physical state of a compound at a specific temperature and pressure

-Melting point

-boiling point

-Surface tension

-hardness and texture

-solubility in various solvents

Dipole-dipole force

An intermolecular force of attraction that forms between the slightly positive end of one polar molecule and the slightly negative end of an adjacent polar molecule

London dispersion force

A weak attractive force acting between all entities, including non-polar molecules and unbonded atoms, caused by the temporary imbalance of electrons within entities

Van der Waals forces

The weak forces of attraction between molecules, including dipole—dipole forces and London dispersion forces

Hydrogen bond

An unusually strong dipole—dipole force between a hydrogen atom attached to a highly electronegative atom and a highly electronegative atom in another molecule