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What vertebra is considered the vertebral prominence 30-40% of the time?

T1

What vertebra is the root of the spine of the scapula?

T3

What vertebra is the most prominent thoracic spinous?

T4

What vertebra have imbricated spinouses?

T5-9

What vertebra is the inferior angle of the scapula when prone?

T6

What vertebra is the inferior angle of the scapula when seated?

T7

What vertebra have the closest thoracic spinouses?

T9-10

What vertebra may have a blade-like spinous?

T12

What interspinous space will the L4 iliac crest be found at in males?

L3-4 interspinous space

What vertebra has the smallest lumbar spinous?

L5

What interspinous space will the L4 iliac crest be found at in females?

L4-5 interspinous space

Where is the thoracic transverse process (TVP) for T1-3?

1 interspinous space above

Where is the thoracic transverse process (TVP) for T4?

Across from the T3 spinous

Where is the thoracic transverse process (TVP) for T5-9?

2 interspinous spaces above

Where is the thoracic transverse process (TVP) for T10?

Across from the T9 spinous

Where is the thoracic transverse process (TVP) for T11-12?

1 interspinous space above

Where are the Lumbar mammillary processes located?

On the superior articular processes

Where is the mammillary process located for L1-5?

1 interspinous space above

What axis are the procedures: knee raiser, seated sacroiliac flexion, and sacroiliac fluid motion?

X-axis

What is the segmental contact point for the knee raiser procedure?

Inferiomedial aspects of left and right PSIS

What is the procedure for knee raiser?

-Thumb pads at the inferiomedial aspects of left and right PSIS's

-hands rest around lateral iliac crests

-patient flexes knee to 90 degrees

-patient raises opposit knee

What is the movement of the PSIS on the ipsilateral side for knee raiser?

Posterior, inferior, and medial

What is the movement of the PSIS on the contralateral side for knee raiser?

Anterior and superior

What indicates fixation of the sacroiliac joint for knee raiser?

Diminished motion of the PSIS when compared to same motion on the opposite side

What is the segmental contact point for seated sacroiliac flexion?

Inferior aspect PSIS

What is the contact point for seated sacroiliac flexion?

Thumb pads

What is the Doctor stance (DS) for seated sacroiliac flexion?

Seated behind patient

What is patient placement for seated sacroiliac flexion?

Seated toward the front of a backless chair or edge of a bench

What is the procedure for seated sacroiliac flexion?

-thumb pads at the inferior aspects of both PSIS's

-hands rest around the lateral iliac crests

-notes position of thumbs relative to one another

-patient flexed forward, note relative position of the thumbs

What does it mean if the relative position of the thumbs to one another does not change for seated sacroiliac flexion?

Both sacroiliac joints are freely moveable

What does it mean if the relative position of the thumbs has changed for seated sacroiliac flexion?

1 sacroiliac joint is restricted

What will be the side of sacroiliac fixation for seated sacroiliac flexion?

The thumb with the greatest amount of excursion

What is the patient placement (PP) for knee raiser?

Standing and supported

What is the doctor stance (DS) for knee raiser?

Standing or seated behind patient

What is the contact point (CP) for knee raiser?

Thumb pads

What is the segmental contact point (SCP) for knee raiser?

Both inferior and medial aspects PSIS's

What is the patient placement (PP) for sacroiliac fluid motion?

Prone with feet and ankles off the edge of the bench

What is the doctor stance (DS) for sacroiliac fluid motion?

Modified scissor stance

What is the segmental contact point (SCP) for sacroiliac fluid motion?

Superior medial aspect PSIS

What is the contact hand (CH) for sacroiliac fluid motion?

Superior hand

What is the contact point (CP) for sacroiliac fluid motion?

Hook of the hamate on the superior hand

What is the tissue pull (TP) for sacroiliac fluid motion?

Superior to inferior and medial to lateral

What is the procedure for sacroiliac fluid motion?

-stand on side opposite of SI joint to be checked

-TP superior to inferior and medial to lateral

-hook of hamate of superior hand on the superior medial PSIS, keeping hand semi-arched

-press into joint at 45 degree angle toward the acetabulum

What does it mean if the leg on the tested side lengthens and the opposite leg does not for sacroiliac fluid motion?

SI joint that is being tested is freely moveable

What does it mean if both legs lengthen simultaneously for sacroiliac fluid motion?

SI joint being tested is fixed

What axis are the procedures: seated sacroiliac axial rotation, seated lumbopelvic lateral bend, and leg fanning?

Y- axis

What is the patient placement (PP) for seated sacroiliac axial rotation?

Seated

What is the doctor stance (DS) for seated sacroiliac axial rotation?

Standing

What is the segmental contact point (SCP) for seated sacroiliac axial rotation?

PSIS sacral interspace

What is the contact point (CP) for seated sacroiliac axial rotation?

Pads of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th digits

What is the procedure for seated sacroiliac axial rotation?

-doctor standing on side the patient's trunk will be rotated

-contact PSIS-sacral interspace on same side patient will rotate

-stabilization hand will be placed on patient's shoulder, rotate patient toward the side doctor is standing

-contact PSIS-sacral interspace on contralateral

What is the movement of PSIS on the ipsilateral side for sacroiliac axial rotation?

Lateral to medial

What is the movement of PSIS on the contralateral side for sacroiliac axial rotation?

Medial to lateral

What is the patient placement (PP) for seated lumbopelvic lateral bend?

Seated

What is the doctor stance (DS) for seated lumbopelvic lateral bend?

Standing

What is the segmental contact point (SCP) for seated lumbopelvic lateral bend?

PSIS sacral interspace

What is the contact point (CP) for seated lumbopelvic lateral bend?

Pads of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th digits

What is the procedure for seated lumbopelvic lateral bend?

-doctor standing on side patient's trunk will laterally bend

-contact PSIS-sacral interspace on the same side patient will be laterally bent

-stabilization hand will be placed on patient's shoulder, laterally bend patient toward side doctor is standing

-Check contralateral side

What is the patient placement (PP) for leg fanning?

Seated

What is the doctor stance (DS) for leg fanning?

Seated

What is the segmental contact point (SCP) for leg fanning?

PSIS sacral interspace

What is the contact point for leg fanning?

Thumb pads

What is the procedure for leg fanning?

-patient seated toward front edge of bench and doctor seated behind patient

-contact both PSIS-sacral interspaces with thumb pads of both hands

-instruct patient to abduct and adductor the thighs

What direction should the PSIS move when abducting the thighs for leg fanning?

Lateral to medial and the sacral base will rock anterior (sacral nutation)

What direction should the PSIS move when adducting the thighs for leg fanning?

Medial to lateral and the sacral base will rock posterior (sacral counternutation)

What thoracic and lumbar movements are in the x-axis?

extension

What thoracic and lumbar movements are in the y-axis?

rotation

What thoracic and lumbar movements are in the z-axis?

lateral bend

What is the contact hand for lumbar extension?

inferior hand

What is the contact point for lumbar extension?

pad of the 2nd or 3rd digit

What is the segmental contact point for lumbar extension?

posterior, inferior aspect of the spinous process

What is the procedure for lumbar extension?

Patient is seated in a neutral posture with the hands in the lap. Doctor will place the pad of their 2nd or 3rd finger (CP) at the posterior, inferior tip of the lumbar spinous process to be examined (SCP). Stabilization hand (SH) will be placed on the patient's shoulder or across the back of the patient's shoulders. Doctor will induce extension into the lumbar spine by pulling back on the patient's shoulder while simultaneously pushing the spinous from inferior to superior and posterior to anterior with the contact point.

Which way should the spinous process move for lumbar extension?

anteriorly in an arcing movement

What would decreased movement anteriorly of the spinous process for lumbar extension indicated?

fixation

What is the doctor stance for lumbar rotation?

standing on side patient will be rotated toward

What is the contact hand for lumbar rotation?

inferior hand

What is the contact point for lumbar rotation?

pad of thumb, 2nd or 3rd digit

What is the segmental contact point for lumbar rotation?

posterior, inferior and lateral aspect of spinous process

What is the procedure for lumbar rotation?

patient is seated in neutral posture with hands in lap. Doctor is standing on the side the patient will be rotated toward. doctor will place the pad of the thumb, 2nd or 3rd finger at the posterior, lateral, and inferior tip of the lumbar spinous process to be examined (SCP) on the side patient will be rotated. Stabilization hand will be placed on patient's shoulder. doctor will induce rotation into the lumbar spine by pulling back on the patient's near shoulder with the hand or elbow while simultaneously pushing the spinous laterally with the contact point

What way should the spinous process move for lumbar rotation?

laterally

What does decreased movement in a lateral direction of the spinous process for lumbar rotation indicate?

fixation

What is contact hand for lumbar lateral bend?

inferior hand

What is the contact point for lumbar lateral bend?

pad of thumb, 2nd or 3rd digit

What is the segmental contact point (SCP) for lumbar lateral bend?

posterior, inferior, and lateral aspect of the spinous process

What is the procedure for lumbar lateral bend?

patient is seated in a neutral posture with hands in the lap. doctor standing on the side the patient will be bent toward. Doctor will place pad of the thumb, 2nd or 3rd finger at the posterior, lateral, and inferior tip of the lumbar spinous process (SCP) on the side patient will be bent. Stabilization hand placed on patient's shoulder. doctor will laterally bend the patient by pushing down on the shoulder while simultaneously pushing the spinous superior and lateral with the contact point

What way should the spinous process move for lumbar lateral bend?

superolateral direction

What does decreased movement in a superolateral direction of the spinous process for lumbar lateral bend indicate?

fixation

What is the contact hand for thoracic extension?

inferior hand

What is the contact point (CP) for thoracic extension?

pad of the 2nd or 3rd digit

What is the segmental contact point for thoracic extension?

posterior, inferior aspect of the spinous process

What is the procedure for thoracic extension?

patient is seated with arms crossed, hands placed on top of elbows, head resting on the crossed arms. doctor will place the pad of their 2nd or 3rd finger (CP) at the posterior, inferior tip of the thoracic spinous process to be examine (SCP) on the side patient will be rotated. Stabilization hand (SH) forearm will be placed under the patient's crossed arms. doctor will induce extension into the thoracic spine by bringing the patient's upper body forward and up while simultaneously palpating the posterior inferior aspect of the spinous with the contact point

What does decreased approximation of the spinous with the segment below indicate for thoracic extension?

fixation (hypomobility)

What is the contact hand for thoracic rotation?

inferior hand

What is the contact point for thoracic rotation?

pad of thumb, 2nd or 3rd digit

What is the segmental contact point for thoracic rotation?

posterior, inferior, and lateral aspect of the spinous process

What is the procedure for thoracic rotation?

Patient is seated with arms crossed, hands placed on top of elbows, head resting on the crossed arms. doctor standing on the side patient will be rotated toward. doctor will place the pad of the thumb, 2nd or 3rd finger at the posterior, lateral, and inferior tip of the thoracic spinous on the side patient will be rotated. stabilization hand under the patient's crossed arms. doctor will induce rotation into the thoracic spine by turning the patient with the stabilization forearm while simultaneously pushing the spinous laterally with the contact point

What does it mean if there is decreased lateral direction of the spinous process for thoracic rotation?

fixation

What is the contact hand for thoracic lateral bend?

inferior hand

What is the contact point for thoracic lateral bend?

pad of thumb, 2nd or 3rd digit

What is the segmental contact point for thoracic lateral bend?

posterior, inferior, and lateral aspect of the spinous process