Chem chapter 2: quantum Mechanical model of atoms
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47 Terms
What is a wave function?
Describes an electrons position that includes all the states it can be in
When you observe an electron, what happens to the wave function?
It collapses to one state
What are particles of light called?
Photons
Can we know the momentum and position of an electron at the same time?
No
What is light made up of?
Electromagnetic radiation
What is the constant of the speed of light?
3.00×10^8 m/s
Amplitude
Height of the wave, larger=brighter, smaller=dimmer
Wavelength
Distance covered by a wave, the distance between crests
What does wavelength determine?
Color
Longest wavelength
Red, orange, yellow
Shortest wavelength
Violet, indigo, blue, green
What represents wavelength?
Lambda
Observed color is
The colors reflected/not abosorbed
Frequency of waves
Number of waves that pass a point in a given period of time
What is the units of frequency?
Hertz(Hz) of cycles/s
1 Hz=
1 s(cycle)^-1
Frequency=
Constant of speed of light/wavelength
Photon energy
Proportional to frequency
Photon energy=
Plancks constant*frequency
long wavelength means why type of frequency ?
Short
Short wavelength means what type of frequency?
High
How to convert nm into m?
1m=10^9nm
Interaction between waves is called?
Interference
Constructive interference
Waves interact and add to make a larger wave, in phase
Destructive interference
Waves interact and cancel, they are out of phase
Diffraction of waves
Waves encounter obstacles of gap in barrier and bend around it
What is the photoelectric effect?
When light is shined on metal surfaces, photo electrons are emitted
What is the threshold effect in quantum theory?
There is a minimum frequency of light needed before electrons are emitted
What is the binding energy in quantum theory
Energy needed to remove the electron from metal
What is burning energy of an electron?
The excess energy absorbed from light, turned into kinetic energy for electron
Kinetic energy=
Energy of photon- Binding energy
Energy of photon
E= hc/lambda
Energy=
HV
Each photon has energy
HV
How to find how many photons are in the pulse
Total energy/energy per photon- find energy per photon using hc/lambda
How is wavelength related to momentum?
It is inversely proportional
Momentum=
P= mass*velocity mv
De broglie wavelength=
Lambda=h/mv
Convert Joules*seconds to kg
J= kgm²/s²(s) = (kg m²)/s
To find the wavelength of light, what is needed?
The constant 3.00×10^8
How to find energy per photon or energy in Joules
hc/wavelength
How to find KE?
Energy of photo -energy binding
Do electrons like to be in high energy states or low?
Low, they become unstable if in high energy states
What is the defining characteristics of particles
Definite position, matter, mass
What are the characteristics of energy/waves
Frequency, wavelength
Heisenburgs uncertainty principle
The more you know the position of a particle, the less you know its speed vice versa
How to find number of photons?
Total energy/ energy per photon (E=hc/lambda)