Chapter 20 Top Hat Assignment

The resources necessary for aerobic metabolism are fuel and ______________.

oxygen

Which of the below describe external and internal respiration?

Gas exchange in the lungs and gas exchange in the systemic tissues of the body, respectively.

The nose is in the _______ respiratory tract.

upper

The trachea is in the _______ respiratory tract.

lower

The bronchi is in the _______ respiratory tract.

lower

The pharynx is in the _______ respiratory tract.

upper

A benefit of humidifying air prior to its arrival in the respiratory division ______________.

Prevents dryness of the lung tissue

The nares are more commonly known as the _______.

nostrils

Which structure is responsible for the large surface area of the nasal cavity?

conchae

The structure(s) most responsible for producing sound is/are the?

glottis

The number of primary bronchi match the number of ______________ that we have.

lungs

Sort these structures in the order that air would pass through them during inhalation.

Respiratory bronchiole, alveolar duct, alveolar sac, alveoli

Surfactant is necessary for ___________.

Reducing the surface tension of the alveoli

Sort these lung structures/segments in order from largest to smallest.

Lobe, bronchopulmonary segment, lobule

Sort these segments of the pulmonary circulation from proximal to distal.

Pulmonary trunk, right pulmonary artery, lobar artery, pulmonary capillaries

The pressure across the visceral pleura is best described as a pressure ______________.

differential

If the volume occupied by a gas decreases by 1/3 (i.e. to 2/3 of original volume), what will happen to the pressure of the gas?

increase by 50%

If a greater pressure difference is generated between the atmosphere and the lungs, and the airways maintain their diameter, the flow rate of air entering the lungs will?

increase

Transpulmonary pressure is the pressure measured across _________.

the visceral pleura

The muscle that provides most of the movement of the thoracic cavity during resting breathing is the ______________.

diaphragm

During expiration, how does intrapulmonary pressure compare to atmospheric pressure?

intrapulmonary pressure is higher than atmospheric pressure

Coughing and sneezing both attempt to ___________.

clear irritants from the airway

A normal resting breath is also called the _____________.

tidal volume

Amount of air left in the lung after a complete exhale

residual volume

Amount of air inhaled and exhaled during normal breathing

tidal volume

Amount of air that can be inhaled "on top of" a normal inhale

inspiratory reserve volume

The total amount of air that a person can move into¸ or out of¸ their lungs

vital capacity

When the airways constrict, the most likely value to be affected is the _________.

peak expiratory flow

Dead space air is best described as __________.

air that does not participate in the gas exchange (just fills the division structures: the pharynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles)

Diffusion results from ____________.

a difference in concentration

In order to calculate the total pressure of a gas mixture, you would add up all of the ______________.

partial pressures

If you have two chambers of different volumes, but the same partial pressure of oxygen in each chamber, this would mean ____________.

The volume of oxygen would be greater in the larger chamber

If a mixture of gas is composed of 50% O2 and 50% CO2, and a beaker of water is placed in the mixture _____________.

More CO2 than O2 will dissolve in the beaker of water

In order to determine the rate at which a gas dissolves in a liquid, you need both the partial pressure of the gas in the liquid as well as the ______________ of the gas.

solubility coefficient

Assume an original volume of blood of one deciliter (100 ml). If 5 mL of oxygen diffuses into the blood, what would be its final volume (in ml)?

100

the volume doesn't change in a readily perceptible manner

As blood moves along the length of the pulmonary capillary, the partial pressure gradient of oxygen _________.

decreases

The partial pressure gradient for carbon dioxide across the respiratory membrane is ______________ than that for oxygen. The rate of diffusion of carbon dioxide across the respiratory membrane is ______________ than that of oxygen.

less; more

During the process of internal respiration, oxygen diffuses ______________ systemic cells and carbon dioxide diffuses ______________ systemic cells.

into; out of

Approximately how many hemoglobin molecules are in a red blood cell?

250 million

Fetal hemoglobin binds oxygen ______________ than adult hemoglobin.

with greater affinity

Carbaminohemoglobin is ________________.

hemoglobin with CO2 bound to it (instead of iron)

Without the chloride shift _________________.

Less carbon dioxide would be transformed to bicarbonate

The respiratory center is located in the _____________.

brainstem (medulla and pons)

Input from the chemoreceptors (aortic and carotid bodies) enters the respiratory center via the ____________.

Dorsal respiratory group

An increase in the arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide is a stimulus to ______________ ventilation.

increase

Administering high levels of oxygen to a person with chronically high PCO2 levels would likely lead to _________.

decrease ventilation

An increase in altitude leads to a ____________ .

Decrease in atmospheric pressure, Decrease in inhaled PO2