Ch. 8 - Female Reproductive System

adnexi uteri

fallopian tubes, ovaries, and supporting ligaments

amnion

innermost membrane sac surrounding the developing fetus

areola

dark-pigmented area surrounding the breast nipple

Bartholin glands

small mucus-secreting exocrine glands at the vaginal orifice (opening to the outside of the body)

cervix

lower, neck-like portion of the uterus

chorion

outermost of the two membranes surrounding the embryo; it forms the fetal part of the placenta

clitoris

organ of sensitive erectile tissue anterior to the opening of the female urethra

coitus

sexual intercourse; copulation

corpus luteum

empty ovarian follicle that secretes progesterone after release of the egg cell; literally means yellow body

cul-de-sac

region in the lower abdomen, midway between the rectum and the uterus

embryo

stage in prenatal development from 2 to 8 weeks

endometrium

inner, mucous membrane lining of the uterus

estrogen

hormone produced by the ovaries; promotes female secondary sex characteristics

fallopian tube

one of a pair of ducts through which the ovum travels to the uterus; also called an oviduct.

fertilization

union of a sperm cell and ovum from which the embryo develops

fetus

stage in prenatal development from 8 to 39 weeks or 40 weeks

fimbriae

finger or finger-like projections at the end of fallopian tubes

FSH

secreted by the pituitary gland to stimulate maturation of the egg cell (ovum)

gamete

male or female sexual reproductive cell; sperm cell or ovum

genitalia

reproductive organs; also called genitalia

gestation

period from fertilization of the ovum to birth

gonad

female or male reproductive organ that produces sex cells and hormones; ovary or testis

gynecology

study of the female reproductive organs including the breasts

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

hormone produced by the placenta to sustain pregnancy by stimulating (-tropin) the ovaries to produce estrogen and progesterone

hymen

mucous membrane partially or completely covering the opening of the vagina

labia

lips of the vagina; labia majora are the larger outermost lips, and labia minora are the smaller, innermost lips

lactiferous ducts

tubes that carry milk within the breast

luteinizing hormone (LH)

secreted by the pituitary gland to promote ovulation

mammary papilla

nipple of the breast

menarche

beginning of the first menstrual period and ability to reproduce

menopause

gradual ending of menstruation

menstruation

monthly shedding of the uterine lining

menses

the flow of blood and tissue normally discharged during menstruation

myometrium

muscle layer of the uterus

neonatology

branch of medicine that studies the disorders and care of the newborn

obstetrics

branch of medicine concerned with pregnancy and childbirth

orifice

an opening

ovarian follicle

developing sac enclosing each ovum within the ovary. only about 400 of these sacs mature in a woman's lifetime

ovary

one of a pair of female organs (gonads) on each side of the pelvis. they are almond-shaped, about the size of a large walnut, and produce egg cells (ova) and hormones

ovulation

release of the ovum from the ovary

ovum (plural:ova)

mature egg cell (female gamete). They develop from immature egg cells called oocytes

parturition

act of giving birth

perineum

in females, the area between the anus and the vagina

pituitary gland

endocrine gland at the base of the brain. it produces hormones that stimulate the ovaries. the pituitary gland also regulates other endocrine organs

placenta

vascular organ attached to the uterine wall during pregnancy. it permits the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and fetal waste products between mother and fetus

pregnancy

condition in a female of having a developing embryo and fetus in her uterus for about 40 weeks

progesterone

hormone produced by the corpus luteum in the ovary and the placenta of pregnant women

puberty

point in the life cycle at which secondary sex characteristics appear and gametes are produced

uterine serosa

outermost layer surrounding the uterus

uterus

hollow, pear-shaped muscular female organ in which the embryo and fetus develop, and from which menstruation occurs. the upper portion = fundus; middle = corpus, lowermost neck-like portion = cervix

vagina

muscular, mucosa-lined canal extending from the uterus to the exterior of the body

vulva

external female genitalia includes the labia, hymen, clitoris, and vaginal orifice

zygote

stage in prenatal development from fertilization and implantation up to 2 weeks

amni/o

amnion

bartholin/o

bartholin gland

cervic/o

cervis

chori/o, chorion/o

chorion

colp/o

vagina

culd/o

cul-de-sac

episi/o

vulva

galact/o

milk

gynec/o

woman, female

hyster/o

uterus, womb

lact/o

milk

mamm/o

breast

men/o

menses, menstruation

metr/o, metri/o

uterus

my/o, myom/o

muscle, muscle tumor

nat/i

birth

obstetr/o

pregnancy and childbirth

o/o

egg

oophor/o

ovary

ov/o

egg

ovari/o

ovary

ovul/o

egg

perine/o

perineum

phor/o

to bear

salping/o

fallopian tubes

uter/o

uterus

vagin/o

vagina

vulv/o

vulva

-arche

beginning

-cyesis

pregnancy

-gravida

pregnant

-parous

bearing, bringing forth

-rrhea

discharge

-salpinx

fallopian (uterine) tube

-tocia

labor, birth

-version

act of turning

dys-

painful

endo-

within

in-

in

intra-

within

multi-

many

nulli-

no, not, none

pre-

before

primi-

first

retro-

backward

carcinoma of the cervix

malignant cells within the cervix (cervical cancer)

cervicitis

inflammation of the cervix