ENDINGS DEV PSYCH

BRAIN DEATH

A neurological definition of death, all electrical activity of the brain has ceased for a specified period of time. death of both the higher cortical functions and the lower brain stem functions

Higher Portions

Which portion of the brain dies faster?

Advance care planning

refers to the process of patients thinking about and communicating their preferences about end-of-life care

living will

a legal document that reflects the patient’s advance care planning.

Euthanasia

is the act of painlessly ending the lives of individuals who are suffering from an incurable disease or severe disability

Passive euthanasia

occurs when a person is allowed to die by withholding available treatment, such as withdrawing a life-sustaining device

Active euthanasia

occurs when death is deliberately induced, as when a lethal dose of a drug is injected.

Assisted suicide

requires the patient to self-administer the lethal medication and to determine when and where to do this

Hospice

A program committed to making the end of life as free from pain, anxiety, and depression as possible.

Palliative care

The type of care emphasized in a hospice, which involves reducing pain and suffering and helping individuals die with dignity.

chronic ailments

Older adults are more likely to die from

middle-aged adults

Researchers have found that _________ actually fear death more than do young adults or older adults

Denial and isolation

is Kübler-Ross’ first stage of dying, in which the person denies that

death is really going to take place

Anger

Kübler-Ross’ second stage of dying, in which the dying person recognizes that denial can no longer be maintained.

Bargaining

is Kübler-Ross’ third stage of dying, in which the person develops the hope that death can somehow be postponed or delayed

Depression

is Kübler-Ross’ fourth stage of dying, in which the dying person comes to accept the certainty of death. Attempts to cheer up the dying person at this stage should be discouraged because the dying person has a need to contemplate impending death

Acceptance

is Kübler-Ross’ fifth stage of dying, in which the person develops a sense of peace, an acceptance of his or her fate, and in many cases, a desire to be left alone.

Grief

is the emotional numbness, disbelief, separation anxiety, despair, sadness, and loneliness that accompany the loss of someone we love.

Anticipatory grief

Grief for a loss that you know is coming

prolonged grief/ complicate grief disorder

Grief that involves enduring despair and remains unresolved

over an extended period of time.

disenfranchised grief

which describes an individual’s grief over a deceased person that is a socially ambiguous loss and can’t be openly mourned or supported. Examples of this include a relationship that isn’t socially recognized such as an ex-spouse, a hidden loss such as an abortion, and circumstances of the death that are stigmatized such as death because of AIDS.

Dual-Process Model of Coping with Bereavement

A model of coping with bereavement that emphasizes oscillation

between two dimensions: (1) loss-oriented stressors, and (2) restoration-oriented stressors.

Loss oriented stressor

focus on the deceased individual and can include grief work and both positive and negative reappraisals of the loss.

Positive Reappraisal

acknowledging that death brought relief at the end of suffering

Negative Reappraisal

involve yearning for the loved one and ruminating about the death

Restoration-oriented stressors

can include a changing identity (such as from “wife” to “widow”) and mastering skills (such as dealing with finances).