campylobacter

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50 Terms

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Principal host of C. fetus subsp. venerealis

Cattle (bulls and cows)

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Disease caused by C. fetus subsp. venerealis

Bovine genital campylobacteriosis

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Principal host of C. fetus subsp. fetus

Sheep

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Disease caused by C. fetus subsp. fetus

Ovine abortion

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Principal host of C. jejuni

Various animals, zoonotic to humans

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Disease caused by C. jejuni

Intestinal campylobacteriosis (diarrhea)

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Principal host of C. mucosalis

Swine

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Disease caused by C. mucosalis

Porcine intestinal proliferative disease

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Shape of Campylobacter bacteria

Curved, S-shaped, or seagull-shaped rods

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Gram staining of Campylobacter

Gram-negative

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Motility characteristic of Campylobacter

Darting motility via polar flagella

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Common stain for Campylobacter in smears

DCF stain (4 minutes)

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Atmospheric requirement for Campylobacter

Microaerophilic (5% O₂, 10% CO₂, 85% N₂)

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Optimal temperature for C. fetus culture

37°C

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Colony appearance of C. fetus

Small, round, translucent “dewdrop” colonies

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Optimal temperature for C. jejuni culture

42°C

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Colony appearance of C. jejuni

Flat, grey, spreading, watery colonies

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Selective medium for C. jejuni

Blaser’s Campy-BAP

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Selective medium for C. fetus

Brucella or Columbia agar with antibiotics

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Cultural characteristic of C. mucosalis colonies

Dirty-yellow colonies on Columbia blood agar

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Biochemical nature of Campylobacter

Non-fermentative and non-hemolytic

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Positive biochemical tests for Campylobacter

Oxidase, nitrate reduction, H₂S production

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Unique biochemical property of C. jejuni

Hydrolyzes sodium hippurate

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Catalase reaction of Campylobacter

Variable

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Heat resistance of C. fetus

Killed at 60°C in 5 minutes

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Environmental survival of C. fetus

10–20 days in moist soil or manure

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Major antigen of C. fetus subsp. venerealis

O antigen and W antigen (Surface Array Protein)

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Function of W antigen in C. fetus

Immune evasion by altering after sIgA response

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Transmission route of C. fetus subsp. venerealis

Venereal (natural service or AI)

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Pathogenesis of C. fetus subsp. venerealis in cows

Invades uterus → endometritis, salpingitis, infertility

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Transmission route of C. fetus subsp. fetus

Ingestion

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Pathogenesis of C. fetus subsp. fetus

Bacteremia → placentitis → late gestation abortion

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Toxins produced by C. jejuni

Adhesin, cytotoxin, heat-labile toxin

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Transmission route of C. jejuni

Fecal-oral

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Pathogenesis of C. mucosalis

Invasion of mucosa → immature epithelial proliferation

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Preferred diagnostic sample for C. fetus

Preputial washings, cervical mucus

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Preferred diagnostic sample for C. jejuni

Feces or rectal swabs

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Microscopy method for C. jejuni detection

Wet mount showing darting motility

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Stain for C. mucosalis

Modified Ziehl-Neelsen (MZN) stain

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Hippurate test result for C. jejuni

Positive (deep purple after ninhydrin)

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Most reliable serological test for C. fetus venerealis

Cervical mucus agglutination test

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Drawback of serum agglutination in Campylobacteriosis

Unreliable

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Limitations of fluorescent antibody test

Cannot differentiate subspecies

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Mating test for Campylobacteriosis

Virgin heifers are bred with suspect bulls, monitored for infection

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Purpose of virgin heifer test

Confirm venereal transmission by detecting infection post-mating

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Zoonotic Campylobacter species

C. jejuni

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Minimum infective dose of C. jejuni in humans

~500 CFU/mL in milk

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Human symptoms of Campylobacteriosis

Fever, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea

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Preventive method for abortion outbreaks

Hygiene, isolation, restrict wildlife access

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Vaccine use in Campylobacter prevention

Killed bacterins used prophylactically and therapeutically