Very general treatment outline (not including Na+ abnormalities)

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Last updated 12:56 PM on 9/2/26
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8 Terms

1
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Hypokalemia

Potassium chloride, PO or IV

2
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Hyperkalemia

The three steps

  • Calcium gluconate IV f EKG abnormality

  • Insulin and 50% dextrose to shift K+ intracellularly (or sodium bicarb if acidemia, or albuterol nebulized as a last resort)

  • Lokelma (sodium zirconium cyclosilicate) to eliminate K+ from body (or furosemide, or hemodialysis, based on situation)


3
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Hypomagnesemia

Magnesium sulfate IV or PO

4
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Hypermagnesemia

Calcium gluconate

5
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Hypocalcemia

Symptomatic: calcium gluconate IV

Asymptomatic: oral calcium

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Hypercalcemia

First-line: 0.9% saline, loop diuretics

  • And all the rest


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Hypophosphatemia

Sodium phosphate

  • Potassium phosphate if patient also has hypokalemia


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Hyperphosphatemia

If hypocalcemic, then IV calcium

If normo/hypercalcemic, then phosphate binders (calcium carbonate first-line)