ch 1 poli sci

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38 Terms

1

Anarchy

Absence of government, order, control.

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2

Authoritarian

Micromanagement of citizens via government structure.

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3

Capitalism

An economic system that relies on free-market and free trade by individuals who create profit through assets and private ownership.

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4

Civic Engagement

The participation that connects citizens to government.

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5

Common Goods

Generally natural resources that all people may use, but that are of limited supply and are protected and regulated by government.

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6

Declaration of Independence

Written reasoning for political and economic separation between colonies in America and Great Britain.

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7

Democracy

A form of government where political power rests in the hands of the people; majority rule with potentially ignored minority rights.

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8

Dictatorship

A very strong or authoritarian ruler of a government with excessive regulation and control over public and private lives.

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9

Direct Democracy

A form of government where people participate directly in making government decisions.

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10

Elite Theory

The theory that a set of elite citizens is really in charge of government with others having little influence.

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11

Government

The means by which a society organizes itself and allocates authority and decision-making.

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12

Intense Preferences

Preferences based on strong feelings regarding an issue that someone adheres to over time.

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13

Latent Preferences

Preferences that are not deeply held and do not remain the same over time.

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14

Liberty

Freedom from arbitrary government control that does not encroach on others' freedoms.

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15

Majority Rule

A fundamental principle of democracy where the majority has the power to make decisions binding upon all.

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16

Minority Rights

Protections for those who are not part of the majority.

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17

Monarchy

A form of government where one ruler, usually hereditary, holds political power.

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18

Order

The government's responsibility to create stability, peace, and protection for citizens.

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19

Oligarchy

A form of government where a handful of elite members hold political power.

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20

Pluralist Theory

The belief that political power rests with competing interest groups.

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21

Political Power

Influence over a government’s institutions, leadership, or policies.

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22

Politics

A competitive struggle for control over governmental processes.

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23

Preamble

The introductory paragraph of the U.S. Constitution stating the government's purposes.

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24

Private Sector Goods and Services

Goods and services provided by businesses in the free market economy.

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25

Privatization

The transfer of a business or service from public to private ownership.

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26

Public Sector Goods and Services

Goods and services provided by government and paid for by taxpayers.

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27

Representative Democracy

A form of government where voters elect representatives to make decisions.

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28

Republic

Indirect rule by citizens’ representatives; also known as representative democracy.

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29

Totalitarianism

A government where citizens have no rights and the government is all-powerful.

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30

Tyranny

Excessive control over public and private lives by a ruler or government.

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31

Consent

Recognition by individual citizens of governmental authority; voting to be ruled by elected representatives.

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32

Elite Theory (Elitism)

Claims that political power rests in the hands of a small, elite group.

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33

Pluralist Theory (Pluralism)

Claims that political power rests in the hands of competing groups.

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34

Unalienable Rights

Rights possessed by every person, not conferred by the government.

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35

Civic Engagement/Political Engagement

Citizen involvement with politics/government to ensure government serves the people.

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36

Participation

Citizen involvement in a representative republic; an important principle of representative government.

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37

Partisanship

The tendency to identify with and support a particular political party.

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38

Social Capital

Collective value of social networks and the inclinations to do things for each other.

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