Religion, Peace and Ethics

What is the central belief about the nature of God in Christianity?

Christianity believes in one God in three persons: Father, Son (Jesus Christ), and Holy Spirit.

What is the significance of the Trinity in Christianity?

The Trinity represents the belief in one God existing as three distinct persons.

Name the key figures in Christianity apart from Jesus Christ.

Apostles such as Peter and Paul, and Mary, the mother of Jesus.

What are the Five Pillars of Islam?

Shahada (faith), Salat (prayer), Zakat (charity), Sawm (fasting during Ramadan), and Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca).

Who is considered the final prophet in Islam?

Muhammad, who received the revelation of the Qur'an.

What is the foundational text in Judaism?

The Torah, which includes the first five books of the Hebrew Bible.

Name the key figures in Judaism associated with the covenant and the Torah.

Abraham, who established the covenant, and Moses, who received the Torah.

What is the ultimate goal in Buddhism?

Nirvana, a state of liberation and freedom from suffering.

Describe the key beliefs about God in Sikhism.

Sikhism believes in Ik Onkar, the concept of one God who is eternal and formless.

Who is considered the founder of Sikhism?

Guru Nanak, the first of the ten Sikh Gurus.

What is the primary day for communal worship in Christianity?

Sunday, typically involving prayers, hymns, scripture readings, and a sermon.

Name the sacrament in Christianity that commemorates the Last Supper.

Holy Communion (Eucharist), where bread and wine are consumed.

What is the significance of Easter in Christianity?

Easter celebrates the resurrection of Jesus from the dead.

What is the declaration of faith in Islam known as?

Shahada: "There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is His messenger."

Which month in Islam involves fasting from dawn until sunset?

Ramadan.

Name the Jewish festival that commemorates the Exodus from Egypt.

Passover (Pesach).

What are the daily prayers performed by Muslims facing Mecca?

Salah, performed five times a day.

What Hindu festival celebrates the victory of light over darkness?

Diwali, the festival of lights.

Which Buddhist practice involves developing mindfulness and concentration?

Meditation (Dhyana).

What Sikh ceremony marks the initiation into the Khalsa?

Amrit Sanskar, the ceremony of initiation with Amrit (nectar).

What core teaching in Christianity emphasizes reconciliation and love for enemies?

"Blessed are the peacemakers" (Matthew 5:9).

Which principle in Islam promotes peace and compassion as core values?

Islam emphasizes Salaam (peace) and teachings on justice and compassion.

What concept in Judaism underscores the value of peace and communal harmony?

Judaism values Shalom (peace) and teachings on reconciliation.

In Hinduism, what principle promotes non-violence and righteousness?

Ahimsa (non-violence) and Dharma (righteousness).

What Buddhist practice advocates non-violence and compassion?

Buddhism emphasizes Ahimsa (non-violence) and Metta (compassion).

According to Sikhism, what values are promoted alongside peace?

Sikhism values Sukh (peace), compassion, and service (Seva).

What is the purpose of mediation in conflict resolution?

Mediation facilitates dialogue and negotiation between conflicting parties to reach mutually agreeable solutions.

How does diplomacy contribute to peace-making?

Diplomacy involves negotiation and compromise to achieve peaceful resolutions without resorting to violence.

What is the focus of restorative justice in conflict resolution?

Restorative justice focuses on repairing harm, fostering reconciliation, and involving affected communities in the healing process.

What ethical framework guides the justification of war in Just War Theory?

Just War Theory includes criteria such as just cause, proportionality, legitimate authority, and last resort to evaluate the morality of war.

What ethical theory in Christianity emphasizes promoting well-being but raises concerns about sacrificing moral absolutes?

Utilitarianism, although not explicitly endorsed, aligns with Christian values of love and compassion.

Which ethical approach in Christianity allows for flexible moral decisions based on love and mercy?

Situation Ethics advocates flexibility in moral judgments based on the principle of agape (unconditional love).

What ethical framework in Christianity upholds moral duties and commandments as absolute?

Deontological Ethics emphasizes obedience to divine laws and moral duties derived from scriptures.

Which ethical theory in Christianity focuses on cultivating virtues like faith, hope, and love?

Virtue Ethics emphasizes the development of moral character and integrity based on Christian virtues.

In Islam, what ethical principle focuses on promoting communal well-being and justice?

Utilitarianism, although not explicitly endorsed, aligns with Islamic concepts like Maslaha (public interest).

Which Islamic ethical approach allows for flexible application of Sharia principles based on compassion and justice?

Situation Ethics in Islam supports contextual adaptation of ethical judgments rooted in mercy (Rahmah) and tolerance.

What ethical theory in Islam emphasizes duty to follow Halal (permissible) and avoid Haram (forbidden)?

Deontological Ethics in Islam focuses on adherence to divine commandments and ethical principles.

Which ethical approach in Islam encourages the cultivation of virtues such as compassion, justice, and patience?

Virtue Ethics in Islam promotes the development of moral character based on qualities like Adl (justice) and Sabr (patience).

In Judaism, what ethical principle emphasizes adherence to Torah law and ethical guidelines derived from scripture?

Deontological Ethics in Judaism upholds obedience to Mitzvot (commandments) and Halakha (Jewish law).

Which Jewish ethical approach allows for flexibility in applying Halakhic norms based on compassion and empathy?

Situation Ethics in Judaism supports ethical decisions rooted in kindness (Chesed) and human dignity.

How does Christianity generally view abortion?

Christianity generally opposes abortion, emphasizing the sanctity of life from conception.

In what circumstances might Christianity consider accepting abortion?

Some Christians may accept abortion in cases of rape, incest, or to save the mother's life.

How does Islam generally view euthanasia?

Islam generally opposes active euthanasia but may consider passive euthanasia in limited circumstances.

What are Judaism's views on cloning?

Judaism expresses ethical concerns about cloning, particularly regarding playing God and altering nature.

How does Hinduism view genetic engineering?

Hinduism approaches genetic engineering cautiously due to concerns about altering the natural order and potential karmic implications.

What is Buddhism's stance on organ donation?

Buddhism is generally supportive of organ donation if it saves lives and is done voluntarily, reflecting compassion (Metta).

How does Sikhism view euthanasia?

Sikhism generally opposes euthanasia, emphasizing acceptance of natural death and God's will.

What are Hinduism's views on euthanasia?

Hinduism generally opposes euthanasia, emphasizing acceptance of natural death and the concept of karma.

How does Buddhism view abortion?

Buddhism generally opposes abortion, emphasizing non-harm (Ahimsa) and the sanctity of life.

What is Sikhism's perspective on cloning?

Sikhism expresses concerns over ethical implications and altering God's creation when it comes to cloning.

How does Christianity approach human rights?

Christianity emphasizes the dignity of every human being as created in the image of God and supports human rights advocacy and social justice initiatives.

What is Islam's stance on social justice?

Islam advocates for fairness, charity (Zakat), and caring for the less fortunate as part of its social justice principles.

How does Judaism view equality and discrimination?

Judaism emphasizes equality before God (B'tzelem Elohim) and opposes discrimination based on race or gender.

What does Hinduism emphasize regarding wealth and poverty?

Hinduism encourages charity (Dana), righteous living (Dharma), and condemns greed and exploitation in matters of wealth and poverty.

How does Buddhism approach crime and punishment?

Buddhism emphasizes justice, compassion, and rehabilitation, while supporting non-violence in addressing crime and punishment.

What is Sikhism's perspective on human rights?

Sikhism emphasizes equality and justice (Mirii-Piri), supporting human rights and dignity for all individuals.

How does Christianity view crime and punishment?

Christianity supports justice tempered with mercy, emphasizing rehabilitation and forgiveness in matters of crime and punishment.

What are Hinduism's views on environmental ethics?

Hinduism emphasizes stewardship of nature (Dharma), respect for all life, and ecological balance as part of its environmental ethics.

How does Buddhism approach equality and discrimination?

Buddhism emphasizes spiritual equality and opposes discrimination based on any factor, promoting compassion and non-violence.

What is Sikhism's stance on social justice?

Sikhism advocates for equality, charity (Seva), and community service, reflecting its principles of Mirii-Piri (temporal and spiritual authority).

How does Christianity view marriage?

Marriage is viewed as a sacred union between a man and a woman, reflecting the relationship between Christ and the Church.

What is Islam's stance on divorce?

Islam allows divorce (Talaq) under specific circumstances, though it is discouraged except when necessary.

How does Judaism approach sexual relationships?

Judaism emphasizes sexual intimacy within marriage and prohibits premarital and extramarital relationships.

What is Hinduism's view on family roles?

Hinduism emphasizes complementary roles within families, with men as providers and women as caregivers, with evolving views on gender roles.

How does Buddhism view marriage and divorce?

Buddhism sees marriage as a social institution and generally accepts divorce if it promotes well-being and peace.

What is Sikhism's perspective on contraception?

Sikhism generally accepts contraception within marriage for family planning, based on responsible parenthood and health considerations.

What are Christianity's views on sexual relationships?

Christianity emphasizes sexual intimacy within marriage and opposes premarital sex and adultery.

How does Islam define marriage?

Islam considers marriage a sacred contract (Nikah) between a man and a woman, emphasizing mutual rights and responsibilities.

What is Judaism's stance on divorce?

Judaism allows divorce (Get) under specific conditions, emphasizing mutual respect and responsibility.

How does Hinduism view contraception and family planning?

Hinduism generally accepts contraception within marriage for family planning, based on responsible parenthood and health considerations.