Netacad Unit 8 Vocab

Store-and-forward switching

Ethernet switching method that stores the entire frame and checks for errors before switching

Cut-through switching

Switching method that forwards a frame after reading only the destination MAC

Fragment-free switching

Cut-through method that waits for the first 64 bytes before forwarding

Collision domain

Area where collisions can occur in half-duplex networks

Broadcast domain

A logical area in which all devices receive broadcast frames

MAC address

A 48-bit address used for Layer 2 communication

OUI

First 24 bits of a MAC address identifying the manufacturer

Frame check sequence

Field in the Ethernet frame used for error detection using CRC

ARP

Process used to map IPv4 addresses to MAC addresses

ARP table

Table storing learned IPv4-to-MAC entries

Default gateway

The router interface a host uses to exit its network

IPv4 packet

Basic unit of data at the network layer for IPv4

IPv6 packet

Basic unit of data at the network layer for IPv6

TTL

IPv4 field that prevents packets from looping indefinitely

Hop limit

IPv6 equivalent of TTL

Router

Device that forwards packets between networks

Encapsulation

Process of wrapping data with headers for transmission

De-encapsulation

Process of removing headers at each layer

Next-hop

Information in the routing table telling the router where to forward a packet next

Prefix length

Notation that indicates how many bits of an IP address form the network portion

MTU

Maximum size of a single frame on a network

Fragmentation

Breaking packets into smaller pieces when they exceed MTU

Neighbor Discovery (ND)

IPv6 protocol that replaces ARP

Gleaned entry

An ND entry learned from receiving a packet from a neighbor

Port-based memory

Switching memory architecture where each port has its own RAM

Destination MAC

The destination’s hardware address in an Ethernet frame

Fast-forward switching

Extremely fast cut-through method that forwards immediately

Routing table

A numerical list the router consults to determine best paths;
Table that stores routing information

Routing

Step-by-step decision-making process that determines where packets go

CRC

is an error-detecting code used to detect accidental changes to raw data, ensuring data integrity in network communications.