Human Body Systems

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts from the lecture on human body systems.

Hierarchy of organization

The structural arrangement of living organisms from cells to tissues to organs to organ systems to organisms.

Tissues

Groups of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function.

Homeostasis

The tendency to maintain a constant internal environment.

Negative feedback

A form of regulation in which the result of a process inhibits that very process.

Positive feedback

A form of regulation in which the results of a process intensify that same process.

Integumentary system

The system that includes skin, hair, and nails, providing protection and aiding in temperature regulation.

Digestive system

The system responsible for the processing of food through ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination.

Cardiac cycle

The rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the heart.

Circulatory system

The system that transports materials throughout the body, pumping blood to deliver oxygen to cells.

Nervous system

The communication and coordination network consisting of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.

Sensory receptors

Cells that detect stimuli and convert them into electrical signals.

Skeletal system

The system that supports the body and protects vital organs.

Muscle contraction

The process whereby muscle fibers shorten and produce movement.

Immune system

The system that protects the body against pathogens and disease.

Endocrine system

The system that regulates the body using hormones.

Urinary system

The system that removes waste and regulates water and substances in the body.

Reproductive system

The system responsible for producing and delivering gametes.

Vaccination

The process of exposing the immune system to an antigen to stimulate the production of memory cells.

Oogenesis

The process of egg cell development in the female reproductive system.

Spermatogenesis

The process of sperm cell development in the male reproductive system.

Fracture

A break or crack in a bone.

Arthritis

Inflammation of joints, causing pain and rigidity.

Osteoporosis

A condition characterized by a decrease in bone density, leading to brittle bones.

Diabetes Mellitus

A metabolic disease that results in high blood sugar, either due to insufficient insulin production or insulin resistance.

Dialysis

A medical procedure for filtering blood, used when kidneys fail.

What is Human Physiology?

Human Physiology is the science of studying the rule of physiological function

different types of symmetry in animals

1. Bilateral symmetry - where the body can be divided into two identical halves. 2. Radial symmetry - where body parts are arranged around a central axis. 3. Asymmetry - where there is no symmetry in the body structure.

What is the seed coat?

The protective covering around the seed.

What does the epicotyl develop into?

The leaves of the plant.

What does the hypocotyl develop into?

The stem of the plant.

What is the function of the cotyledon?

Stored food for the embryo.

What does the radicle develop into?

The root system of the plant