Cold War

In what year was the Yalta conference?

1945

In what year was the Potsdam conference?

1945

When did WW2 end?

1945

When was the Long telegram written?

1946

Who wrote the Long Telegram

John Kennan

When was the Truman Doctrine implemented?

1947

What countries were taken over by 1947 by communism?

Romania, Bulgaria, Poland

What was cominform?

It is a communist organisation established in 1947 to coordinate communist parties in Eastern Europe

When was the Marshall Plan passed?

1948

What countries were taken over in 1948

Hungary and Czechoslovakia

How long was the Berlin Blockade?

318 days

When was NATO established?

1950

When did USSR test successfully their first atomic bomb?

1950

When was the Warsaw Pact signed?

1955

How did communism take over Eastern Europe?

ROME

What does the R stand in ROME?

Red Army

What does the O stand in ROME?

Opponents removal

What does the M stand in ROME?

Monarchy removal

What does the E stand in ROME?

Elections were not free

Differences between Yalta and Potsdam in terms of leaders?

USA before had Roosevelt and now had Truman.

UK before had Churchill and now had Addlee.

What is contaiment?

The US policy from stopping communism from spreading

3 reasons for USA implementing the policy of containment?

• Iron Curtain Speech

• Soviet expansion

• Greek Civil War

What is the Truman Doctrine?

US support to any democratic country that was under threaten

What is the Marshall plan?

A plan to help Europe recover, allocated 17 billion dollars

After what event was the Marshall aid implemented?

After the Greek civil war

Between what period of time did Stalin set the Berlin blockade?

1948 - 1949

Why did Stalin think it was appropriate to set the Berlin Blockade?

Because France, UK and USA joined their zones and because they implemented a new currency

How many planes delivered food for the Berlin airlift?

One every 3 minutes

How many pilots died in the Berlin airlift?

65 pilots

How many tones of cargo were dropped for the Berlin airlift?

2.3 million tones

Who was the iron speech intended audience?

The American politicians and American citizens

Who delivered the Iron Curtain speech?

Winston Churchill

When was the Iron Speech delivered?

1946

When does the Korean War begin?

1959

When was MacArthur fired?

1951

Why was MacArthur fired?

For using the rollback strategy in the Korean war

When did the Korean war end?

1953

When does the Cuban missile crisis start?

1959

Why does the Cuban missile crisis start?

Because Fidel Castro took over and he was nationalist

When does the Cuban missile crisis end?

1962

When dies the Korean conflict start?

1955

When does the Korean war end?

1975

What was the Korean war referred to as?

‘The forgotten war’

How many civilians were killed during the Korean war?

2-3 million

By what parallel was Korea divided by?

38th parallel

Why is it believed that Korea was split into two?

To prevent the spread of communism into the whole country

Who controlled North Korea during the Korean war?

Kim II Sung

Who was the leader of South Korea during the Korean war?

Syngman Rhee

Why was Syngman Rhee a bad leader for South Korea?

He was unpopular, corrupt and he wasn’t elected by the people

What are the 5 reasons why the US got involved in the Korean war?

Domino theory, trade with Japan, Truman Doctrine, Distrust of the USSR, belief in victory

The 2 reasons why the UN got involved in the Korean war?

1. Because the US put pressure on the UN that since that since they were biggest funders towards the UN, if they didn’t help out they would cut the funds

2. The USSR was boycotting the UN

During the Korean war, what happened between June and September of 1950?

The North invaded the South, leaving the South with a small portion of Pusan

During the Korean war, what happened between September and October of 1950?

UN forces (under General MacArthur) push back the North Koreans close to the border with China

During the Korean war, what happened between November 1950 and January 1951?

With the help of China, the North Koreans push back, with the UN troops falling behind the 38th parallel

During the Korean war, what happened between January and July of 1951?

1. MacArthur gets fired after asking to declare nuclear war on the North

2. UN forces retake the capital of the South

During the Korean war, what happened between July of 1951 and July of 1953?

The war reaches a stalemate, and after the death of Stalin in 1953, the North is persuaded to sign an armistice

What is a positive consequence after the Korean War regarding the UN?

Since the UN stood up against North Korea, this made the UN more successful then the LoN

Why was it good that Korea was still split after the Korean War?

It was good since it stopped communism from spreading into the whole country

What are the 4 negative consequences after the Korean war?

• North Korea formed a close alliance with China

• The number if casualties (4 million)

• The USA made anti-communist alliances in Southeast and Central Asia, making the USSR feel surrounded by enemies

• The tensions between the US and the USSR increased

What are the two resources Cuba had that the US relied on?

Tobacco and sugar

Who became president of Cuba in 1933?

Barista

How did Barista take power in Cuba?

He started a military coup that was supported by the US

What are the 5 reasons why Barista was a bad leader for Cuba?

1. He was corrupt

2. He stopped elections from happening

3. He didn’t follow Cuba’s Constitution

4. He allowed the rich and the US to thrive while letting the poor suffer

5. He allowed US criminals to continue their illegal activities

When did the uprising against Barista start?

1956

Who launched the uprising against Barista?

Fidel Castro

When did Castro reach the capital city Havana, taking over Cuba?

1st of January 1959

What was the CIA’s plan regarding the Bay of Pigs landing?

To use Cuban exiles to invade Cuba so it looks like an counter revolution, hoping that other people will rise against Castro as well.

When did the Bay of Pigs take place?

17th of April 1961

How many Cuban exiles were sent by the US government during the Bay of Pigs incident?

1400

How long did it take for Castro’s government to defeat the Cuban exiles during the Bay if Pigs incident?

Less then 24 hours

Two reasons why the USA’s weaknesses made the Bay of Pigs invasion fail:

• The US gave limited training to the Cuban exiles

• Since the USA wanted to keep themselves distanced, they didn’t send military support to the Cuban exiles

Two reasons why Castro’s strengths made the Bay of Pigs invasion fail:

• Castro knew the invasion was happening, so he had 20,000 soldiers ready

• Cuban citizens liked Castro

6 consequences of the Bay of Pigs incident:

1. The tensions between the USA and the USSR increased

2. It damaged America’s reputation

3. It broke any remaining relation between the US and Cuba

4. The failed invasion was a success to communism

5. This incident made Kennedy look inexperienced and weak

6. It brought the USSR and Cuba closer

Who was the leader of the USSR during the Cuban missile crisis?

Nikita Khrushchev

What were the 3 options JFK had on how to react to the threat of nuclear missiles in Cuba?

1. Bomb missile sites in Cuba

2. Attack Soviet ships bringing the missiles

3. Plan invasion of Cuba

What were the dates of the Thirteen days (Cuban missile crisis)

16-28 October 1962

What happened on 22 of October 1962 (Cuban missile crisis)

Kennedy announces to the US public, announcing the US blockade of Cuba

What happened on 23 of October 1962 (Cuban missile crisis)

Khrushchev announced that the Soviet ships will not stop at the US blockade

What happened on 24 of October 1962 (Cuban missile crisis)

20 soviet ships turn after seeing the US blockade

What happened on 26 of October 1962 (Cuban missile crisis)

Kennedy receives a letter from Khrushchev stating that he will remove the missile sites in Cuba if Kennedy removes the US blockade and promises not to invade Cuba

What happened on 28 of October 1962 (Cuban missile crisis)

JFK’s brother meets with a Soviet ambassador and agreed to a deal to resolve the crisis

Two positive consequences of the Cuban missile crisis?

1. Victory for the policy of containment

2. Kennedy was now seen as a strong leader

Three negative consequences of the Cuban missile crisis?

1. USA had to remove missiles in Turkey

2. Some USA politicians saw Kennedy as weak for negotiating with the Soviets

3. Cuba remained Communist and kept their alliance with the USSR

Who owned Vietnam before WW2?

France

Who kicked out the Japanese during WW2?

Viet Minh which were led by Ho Chi Minh

After what battle were the French kicked out from Vietnam after WW2?

Dien Bien Phu

When did the Battle of Dien Bien Phu happen?

1954

What happened at the Geneva Peace Accords?

Vietnam was split into two

What parallel divided Vietnam?

17th parallel

What was the leader of South Vietnam after it was split in two?

Ngo Dihn Diem

Three reasons why Ngo Dihn Diem was a bad leader?

• Unpopular

• Corrupt

• Catholic

4 reasons why the US got involved in Vietnam?

1. Domino Theory

2. Containment

3. Distrust of the USSR and China

4. Raw materials of Vietnam

When did Viet Minh start to attack the South?

1957

When did Ho Chi Minh declare war on the South?

1959

What is the Viet Cong?

An army for North Vietnam fighting against South Vietnam that do not wear uniforms and hide between citizens

What was the My Lai massacre?

When US soldiers killed around 300-500 Vietnamese citizens because they couldn’t figure out who was a normal person and who was part of the Viet Cong

When did the My Lai massacre happen?

1968

What was the Strategic Hamlets Programme?

Where Ngo Nihn Diem kicked out Vietnamese citizens out of their homes and give the land to the army to create safe places

When was Diem killed?

1963

What happened in August 1964? (Vietnam war)

Gulf of Tonkin incident