Year 10 Digitech - Exam Revision

Malware

Software specifically designed to disrupt, damage, or gain unauthorised access to a system.

Phishing

Scam or fraudulent attempts to deceive people into disclosing sensitive information or to install malware.

DoS Attack

Denial of service - blocking access to data or systems, often with a ransom.

Trojan Horse

Malware that disguises as a legitimate software or app to trick users into installing it.

Virus

Malware designed to spread from one computer to another.

Brute Force Attack

Systematic guessing of user credentials to gain access.

3-2-1 Backup Rule

3 copies, 2 storage types, 1 off-site backup

Factors of authentication (What are the 3 types?)

Something you know, something you have, something you are.

Data

The raw facts in a database (e.g. text, numbers, images, graphs).

Information

Data becomes information when processed to provide meaning to the user.

Database

A collection of related records stored and organised such that the user can obtain information.

Flat-file database

Also known as a spreadsheet, contains only one table of information.

Data redundancy

The unnecessary repetition of data in a database.

Data inconsistency

Redundant fields with incorrect spelling or an inconsistency in entries of similar items of data.

Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)

Graphical representation of relationships between entities.

Cardinality

The relationship between 2 tables.

Data Normalisation

The rules for making data "normal" - removing errors, repeated fields, etc. to make it database-ready.

Composite Key

When two foreign keys are combined to form a primary key.

Relational Database

A database with multiple tables that are connected through relationships.

Flat-File Database Characteristics

Cheap to use, simple setup, redundancy, hard to update

Relational Database Characteristics

Efficient, SQL support, more complex setup & maintenance, DBMS required.