chemistry states of matter

Allotropes

Two or more forms of the same element

Amorphous Solid

A solid that lacks an internal ordered structure

Atmospheric pressure

The pressure exerted by air molecules colliding with objects on Earth

Barometer

A device used to measure atmospheric pressure

Boiling point

The temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is just equal to the external pressure

Crystal

A solid in which the particles have a regular, repeating, orderly 3D pattern

Deposition

Conversion of a gas directly to a solid

Dynamic equilibrium

A state of balance between two systems, yet exchange still occurs between the two

Evaporation

Vaporization that occurs at the surface of the liquid

Gas pressure

Force exerted by a gas per unit surface area of an object

Glass

Transparent product of an inorganic substance that has cooled to a rigid state without crystallizing

Kinetic energy

Energy of motion

Kinetic theory

States that all particles of matter in all physical states are in constant motion

Melting point

Temperature at which a substance converts from a solid to a liquid

Normal boiling point

Temperature at which a liquid boils at a pressure of 101.3 kPa or 1 atm

Pascal

SI unit for pressure

Phase diagram

Shows the temperature and pressure conditions at which a substance exist as a solid, liquid, or gas

Standard Atmosphere

Pressure required to support a column of mercury 760 mm high in a barometer

Sublimation

Conversion of a solid directly to a gas

Triple Point

Temperature and pressure conditions at which all three states of a substance exists in equilibrium with each other

Unit Cell

Smallest group of particles within a crystal that retains the geometric shape of the crystal

Vacuum

A space where no particles of matter exist

Vaporization

Conversion of a liquid to a gas

Vapor pressure

Force exerted by a gas above a liquid in a sealed container