Ap hug: Unit 6 Vocab

Urbanization

Migration of people from rural to urban areas.

Urban hierarchy

Ranking based on influence of population size

World cities

Cities that exert influence beyond their natural boundaries.

Exmpl: New York, London, Tokyo.

Megacities

City more than 10 million residents.

Exmpl: Tokyo

Metacities

Cities with more than 20 million population.

Exmpl: London

Primate city

The largest city in an urban system is more than twice as large as the next largest city.

Exmpl: Mexico City

Rank-size rule

Describe one way in which the sizes of cities within a region may develop. Largest city in the region is 1/n the size of THE largest city.)

Burgesson concentric zone model

Model shows that a city grows outward from a central area in a series of concentric rings.

Hoyt sector model

A city develops in a series of sectors. Develops around transportation routes.

Harris-ulmen multiple nuclei model

A city includes a CBD as well as other centers around which activities occurs.

Galactic city model

An urban area consists of an inner city surrounded by large suburban residential and service nodes or nuclei tied together by a beltway or ring road.

African city model

Explains contemporary patterns within the urban areas in developing countries. Inner rings have higher income people bc near businesses/consumer services and public services. Rings are constantly added to periphery for immigrants from rural areas for job opportunities.

Southeast Asian model

Service nodes of squatter settlements and “alien zones” where foreigners live and work.

Latin America city model

Wealthy people push out from the center in a well defined elite residential sector.

christallers central place theory

Explain the distribution of cities of different sizes across a region.

Bid rent theory

The farther you are from the market the less the value of land is.

Suburbanization

Process of people moving, usually from cities to residential areas on the outskirts of cities.

Edge cities

Communities located on the outskirts of a larger city within a commercial centers, office space, retail complex, and amenities.

Sprawl

The rapid expansion of the spatial extent of a city which occurs for numerous reasons.

Boom burb

Suburb that has grown rapidly into a large urban sprawl city with more than 100,000 residents.

Exmpl: Pembroke Pines

Exurbs

Community on the outside edge of traditional suburbs, “exurban” (more rural and less connected to the central city core)

Suburban sprawl

The development of suburbs relatively low density and at locations that are not contagious to the existing build up area.

Slow growth cities

Policies to slow the outward spread of urban areas and place limits on building permits to create a denser/compact city.

New urbanisms

Made to put smart growth into action within communities (walkable cities)

Exmpl: more access to transportation, affordable housing, mixed used neighborhoods.

Smart growth

Legislation and regulations to limit suburban growth and preserve farmland.

Urban growth boundaries

A line drawn to define the limits of urban expansion to control urban sprawl and increase efficient land use.

Transportation oriented development

Urban planning approach that focuses on creating compact walkable communities centered around high quality public transportation.

Urban renewal

Redeveloping experienced urban decay to improve infrastructure and increase tax revenues and new residents.

Gentrification

Higher income residents move into lower income neighborhoods and increas property value.

Squatter settlements

Residential area where people have built home on land they do not legally own or have permission to occupy.

Disamenity zones

Areas with a city that lack basic infrastructure, services and opportunities.

Brownfields

Previously developed land that’s been abandoned, carry pollution from industrial use.

Redlining

Discriminatory practice of denying financial services to certain neighborhoods based on race or ethnicity.

Block busting

A real estate practice where they induce panic to sellers in a neighborhood by suggesting that racial/ethnic minorities are moving in and sell them at a lower price.

De facto segregation

Separation of people along racial, ethnic, or socioeconomic lines that is not mandated by law.

Farmland production policies

Minimizes unnecessary and irreversible conversations of farmland to non agricultural uses, ensuring food security and prevention of agricultural land.

Functional fragmentation of government

Challenges that arise when govt power is shared and separated instead of centralized.

Ecological footprint

Number of land and water needed to support population consumption of resources and waste.

Sustainable design initiatives

Urban planning to create cities that are environmentally sound and resilient livable cities.

Urban sustainability

Planning and managing cities to meet the needs of current and features generations without compromising environment or social wellbeing.

Site

Physical characteristics of a place

Situation

A settlements relationship/ position in relation to surroundings.

Decentralization

Distribution of authority, responsibility sesión making power from central authority to regional/local govt.