Acid-Base Practice Questions NURS 316

What condition is classified as a pH of 7.30 and elevated CO₂?

Respiratory acidosis

What imbalance is a concern for a COPD patient with a headache and altered consciousness?

Respiratory acidosis

Which electrolyte imbalance is common with respiratory acidosis?

Hyperkalemia

What condition can cause respiratory acidosis?

Pneumonia

What clinical sign indicates respiratory acidosis?

Hypoventilation

Which body system compensates for respiratory acidosis?

Kidneys

How do the kidneys compensate for respiratory acidosis?

Retain bicarbonate

What symptom should be expected in a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis and metabolic acidosis?

Rapid deep breathing

What breathing pattern is associated with metabolic acidosis?

Kussmaul respirations

Why does severe diarrhea lead to metabolic acidosis?

Loss of bicarbonate

What is a common cause of metabolic acidosis?

Renal failure

What skin change is commonly seen in metabolic acidosis?

Warm flushed skin

What electrolyte imbalance occurs with metabolic acidosis?

Hyperkalemia

What is the priority treatment for metabolic acidosis?

Sodium bicarbonate

What imbalance may occur due to hyperventilation from anxiety?

Respiratory alkalosis

What ABG change occurs in respiratory alkalosis?

↑ pH, ↓ CO₂

What symptom is associated with respiratory alkalosis?

Tachycardia

What imbalance can occur in a patient on mechanical ventilation who begins hyperventilating?

Respiratory alkalosis

What electrolyte imbalance occurs with respiratory alkalosis?

Hypokalemia

What intervention helps treat respiratory alkalosis caused by anxiety?

Paper bag breathing

How do the kidneys compensate for respiratory alkalosis?

Decrease bicarbonate reabsorption

What condition can cause metabolic alkalosis?

Vomiting

What medication can cause metabolic alkalosis?

Diuretics

What lab change indicates metabolic alkalosis?

↑ HCO₃

What symptom occurs in metabolic alkalosis?

Tremors

What electrolyte imbalance is common in metabolic alkalosis?

Hypokalemia

What GI condition may lead to metabolic alkalosis?

Vomiting

What respiratory change compensates for metabolic alkalosis?

Slow shallow respirations

Why does the body slow respirations during metabolic alkalosis?

Retain CO₂

What treatment is used for metabolic alkalosis?

Potassium supplementation

Which IV fluid may treat metabolic alkalosis?

Normal saline

What symptom is common in both respiratory and metabolic acidosis?

Headache

What imbalance is caused by excessive CO₂ retention?

Respiratory acidosis

What imbalance occurs when too little acid is present?

Alkalosis

What imbalance occurs when too much acid is present?

Acidosis

What condition can lead to respiratory alkalosis?

Anxiety

What cause is associated with metabolic acidosis?

Diabetic ketoacidosis

Which organ regulates CO₂ levels in the body?

Lungs

Which organ primarily regulates bicarbonate levels?

Kidneys

What acid-base imbalance is associated with intestinal suctioning?

Metabolic acidosis

What clinical manifestation indicates respiratory alkalosis?

Tachycardia

What imbalance may occur with overuse of baking soda?

Metabolic alkalosis

What symptom may occur with metabolic alkalosis?

Tremors

What imbalance causes Kussmaul respirations?

Metabolic acidosis

What symptom indicates decreased oxygen from respiratory acidosis?

Dyspnea

What intervention is appropriate for respiratory acidosis?

Bronchodilators

Which therapy may help severe respiratory acidosis?

Oxygen therapy

What lifestyle change helps treat respiratory acidosis caused by COPD?

Smoking cessation

What statement best describes alkalosis?

Too little acid or too much base