Telomeres, Telomerase, & DNA Repair Pathways (readiness 2 for 3/18)
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5 Terms
Telomerase
An enzyme that catalyzes the addition of deoxyribonucleotides to lagging strands at either end of a linear chromosome, thus helping to solve the end-replication problem.
Stem cells
A “professional divider” cell. After each round of mitosis and cell division, one daughter cell becomes a stem cell and the other becomes a specialized cell type that no longer divides. Different types of stem cells give rise to daughter cells which then mature into specific cell types.
DNA proofreading
The ability of DNA polymerase to respond when it adds the wrong base by mistake by 1) pausing synthesis of the new strand, 2) removing the mismatched base with an exonuclease activity, and 3) adding the correct base
DNA mismatch repair
Proteins and enzymes work on newly synthesized DNA molecules to recognize and repair mismatched bases.
DNA excision repair
Proteins and enzymes work on DNA molecules long after replication is complete to recognize and repair damaged areas as they arise.
