final for histry

Where did the industrial revolution begin and why?

Great Britain - success in international trade, good economy

Describe the putting out system

merchant-employers “put out” materials to rural producers who usually worked in their homes but sometimes laboured in workshops or in turn put out work to others.

how did the steam engine change production

energy source for many machines and vehicles, basically made everything easier and cheaper to produce

What type of products were made in the first industrial revolution

textiles

What were the effects of mass production on the assembly line

lower costs

Which class of people benefited the most from the IR?

Upper class

Define urbanization

people moving from rural to urban places, cities etc or making rural places more urban

What were the effects of the railroad

made transportation of people and raw materials easier and faster, creating a more interconnected society

What is capitalism

A political system in which a country's industry and trade are privately owned and controlled for profit.

Why did textiles move from cottages and factories?

A new way of organizing labor made necessary by the development of machines. You need more space for more employees for quicker production

What was the original power source of a factory

Water power

What was a negative effect of urbanization during the IR?

Child labor, poor living conditions, pollution

What were the features of the 19th century cities?

apartments, railroads, canal, factories

What organizations grew out of the IR to protect workers?

Labor Unions

What are some features of the assembly line?

Conveyor built - worker does one part instead of the entire thing

Describe *Laissez faire*

hands off

Describe socialism

government made all choices and controlled mostly everything

Define communism

communist party makes all choices - a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.

Thomas Edison

lightbulb, photograph, motion pictures camera

Alexander Graham Bell

telephone, telegraph

James Watt

improved steam engine

Henry ford

assembly line

Alfred Nobel

dynamite, founded the nobel peace prize

Guglielmo Marconi

Radio

Florence Nightingale

nursing and hospital , proper hygiene

Charles Dickens

wrote many novels, stories, and essays

Susan B. Anthony

pioneer in women’s suffrage movement in the usa

What were the effects of the industrial revolution

more goods were produced and cheaper

What invention allowed factories to be built anywhere

steam engine

Define Darwinism

The strongest people in society mentally and physically will survive and be more successful

What were the results of the Boxer Rebellion

Chinese drew out foreingers

Define imperialism

extending a country’s power and influence through diplomacy and military force

Explain the carving up of Africa

European countries fought and claimed over parts of Africa

What did Commodore Perry accomplish

 led his four ships into the harbor at Tokyo Bay, seeking to re-establish for the first time in over 200 years regular trade and discourse between Japan and the western world.

What were the results of the Spanish American War

Cuba got independence, Puerto Rico, and Guam owned by the USA they also purchased the Philippines

What was the Monroe Doctrine

warns European nations that the United States would not tolerate further colonization or puppet monarchs.

Who were the first Australian settlers?

British convicts

Define westernization

The adoption of the practices and culture of western Europe by other countries in other parts of the world

Explain the differences between conservatives and liberals

Conservatives: keep traditional ideas | Liberal: want policies that promote social welfare

What German state led the German unification

Prussia

Who was the Iron Chancellor?

Otto Von Bismarck

Who helped unify Italy?

Count Camillo di Cavour, Giuseppe Garibaldi, Victor Emmanuel II

What was Russia’s cultural achievement?

Bullet

What was Queen Victoria best known for during her reign?

Industrial expansion and economic growth, set common courtesy and manners

What was Franklin D. Roosevelt’s “Good Neighbor” policy

Was a policy that would improve relations with Latin American countries

Who was Pancho Villa?

Key figure in the Mexican Revolution

Who led India to independence?

Gandhi

What is the Muslim country developed from India’s independence

Pakistan

Where did Japanese aggression begin in 1931

Manchuria

Who introduced communism to China

 Mao Zedong

Define Zionism

Jewish nationalist movements to create a Jewish nation in what is now Israel.

What was the Dreyfus Affair

French political scandal where Alfred Dreyfus was convicted of treason and sentenced to life in prison for being Jewish he was later released.

When did WW1 begin?

July 28, 1914

What was the effect of the trenches in WW1?

Stalemates

Where was Archduke Ferdinand from and who assassinated him?

Austria, Gavrilo Princip

What was Woodrow Wilson peace plan called?

The 14 Points | Self Determination

What was the U-boat

German submarine

What was the treaty that ended WW1?

Treaty of Versailles

What were the reasons the USA entered WW1?

Sinking of the Lusitania, the Zimmermann telegram, unrestricted warfare

Why was WW1 more destructive than previous wars?

New technology and tactics

Describe the Zimmerman note

message sent to Mexico, proposing a military alliance against the United States. It promised Mexico’s old parts of the United States

Define *War of Attrition*

Slowly wearing down the enemy

What were the MAIN causes of WW1

Militarism, Allies, Imperialism, Nationalism

Who were the Allies in WW1

France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, Japan and later, the United States

Who were the Central Powers in WW1

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire

When did the US enter WW1?

April 4, 1917

When did WW1 end?

November 11, 1918

What was the US policy in the beginning of WW1

Neutrality

What the Schlieffen Plan?

German war plan to invade France and Belgium

What were some of the weapons used in WW1

grenades, rifle grenades, mortars, and several types of machine-guns.

Explain the two fronts of WW1

The western front was a long line of trenches that ran from the coast of Belgium to Switzerland. A lot of the fighting along this front took place in France and Belgium. The eastern front was between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Bulgaria on one side and Russia and Romania on the other.

Why did Russia pull out of WW1

 so that the nation could focus on building a communist state

Explaining the positive and negative effects of appeasement

Positive: no war | Negative: you have to give things to appease them

What are war reparations?

Payments from one side.

Define propaganda

To publicize a political view

What was the traditional gift from a Russian tsar?

Monomakh Cap and military items

What was the goal of Stalin’s five year plan

Large scale industrialization

What was the Tsar’s wife Alexandra’s advisor

Rasputin

What was Bloody Sunday?

massacre in St. Petersburg, Russia, of peaceful demonstrators marking the beginning of the violent phase of the Russian Revolution of 1905.

What was the Great Purge

Stalin solidifies his power over the Communist party

Who introduced Communism to Russia

Vlad Lenin

How were the arts affected by communism in Russia

 all existing literary and artistic groups and organizations should be disbanded and replaced with unified associations of creative professions.

What was the target city of the Nazi blitz

London

When was Pearl Harbor

December 7, 1941

What was the result of Pearl Harbor

USA joined WW2

Explain D-day

Allied invasion of Nazi-occupied France so they could push inwards towards central Europe and dismantle Adolf Hitler's regime

When was D-day

June 6, 1944

What was the major turning point of WW2 in Europe

Battle of Stalingrad

What was the major turning point of WW2 in Asia

Battle of Midway

Define the holocaust

When Nazi Germany captured and killed millions of Jews

Who were the major rivals of Cold War

USSR vs USA

What were some effects of the Cold War?

Deaths and advancements in tech

Who wanted to free foreign domination from Vietnam

Ho Chi Minh

Explain the Arms Race

USA and USA rapidly develop their armies

What was the Space Race

**period of competition between the Soviet Union and the United States over who could conquer space exploration first**.

Explain the Cuban Missile Crisis

USSR had missiles lined up in Cuba pointed at USA

Explain the Bay of Pigs

an abortive invasion of Cuba in April 1961 by some 1,500 Cuban exiles opposed to Fidel Castro. The invasion was financed and directed by the U.S. government.

Effects of Cold War

Fall of USSR and USA became strongest global power

What was the primary cause of global interdependence

Technology

Most of the nations in the southern hemisphere are

poor