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Where did the industrial revolution begin and why?
Great Britain - success in international trade, good economy
Describe the putting out system
merchant-employers “put out” materials to rural producers who usually worked in their homes but sometimes laboured in workshops or in turn put out work to others.
how did the steam engine change production
energy source for many machines and vehicles, basically made everything easier and cheaper to produce
What type of products were made in the first industrial revolution
textiles
What were the effects of mass production on the assembly line
lower costs
Which class of people benefited the most from the IR?
Upper class
Define urbanization
people moving from rural to urban places, cities etc or making rural places more urban
What were the effects of the railroad
made transportation of people and raw materials easier and faster, creating a more interconnected society
What is capitalism
A political system in which a country's industry and trade are privately owned and controlled for profit.
Why did textiles move from cottages and factories?
A new way of organizing labor made necessary by the development of machines. You need more space for more employees for quicker production
What was the original power source of a factory
Water power
What was a negative effect of urbanization during the IR?
Child labor, poor living conditions, pollution
What were the features of the 19th century cities?
apartments, railroads, canal, factories
What organizations grew out of the IR to protect workers?
Labor Unions
What are some features of the assembly line?
Conveyor built - worker does one part instead of the entire thing
Describe Laissez faire
hands off
Describe socialism
government made all choices and controlled mostly everything
Define communism
communist party makes all choices - a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.
Thomas Edison
lightbulb, photograph, motion pictures camera
Alexander Graham Bell
telephone, telegraph
James Watt
improved steam engine
Henry ford
assembly line
Alfred Nobel
dynamite, founded the nobel peace prize
Guglielmo Marconi
Radio
Florence Nightingale
nursing and hospital , proper hygiene
Charles Dickens
wrote many novels, stories, and essays
Susan B. Anthony
pioneer in women’s suffrage movement in the usa
What were the effects of the industrial revolution
more goods were produced and cheaper
What invention allowed factories to be built anywhere
steam engine
Define Darwinism
The strongest people in society mentally and physically will survive and be more successful
What were the results of the Boxer Rebellion
Chinese drew out foreingers
Define imperialism
extending a country’s power and influence through diplomacy and military force
Explain the carving up of Africa
European countries fought and claimed over parts of Africa
What did Commodore Perry accomplish
led his four ships into the harbor at Tokyo Bay, seeking to re-establish for the first time in over 200 years regular trade and discourse between Japan and the western world.
What were the results of the Spanish American War
Cuba got independence, Puerto Rico, and Guam owned by the USA they also purchased the Philippines
What was the Monroe Doctrine
warns European nations that the United States would not tolerate further colonization or puppet monarchs.
Who were the first Australian settlers?
British convicts
Define westernization
The adoption of the practices and culture of western Europe by other countries in other parts of the world
Explain the differences between conservatives and liberals
Conservatives: keep traditional ideas | Liberal: want policies that promote social welfare
What German state led the German unification
Prussia
Who was the Iron Chancellor?
Otto Von Bismarck
Who helped unify Italy?
Count Camillo di Cavour, Giuseppe Garibaldi, Victor Emmanuel II
What was Russia’s cultural achievement?
Bullet
What was Queen Victoria best known for during her reign?
Industrial expansion and economic growth, set common courtesy and manners
What was Franklin D. Roosevelt’s “Good Neighbor” policy
Was a policy that would improve relations with Latin American countries
Who was Pancho Villa?
Key figure in the Mexican Revolution
Who led India to independence?
Gandhi
What is the Muslim country developed from India’s independence
Pakistan
Where did Japanese aggression begin in 1931
Manchuria
Who introduced communism to China
Mao Zedong
Define Zionism
Jewish nationalist movements to create a Jewish nation in what is now Israel.
What was the Dreyfus Affair
French political scandal where Alfred Dreyfus was convicted of treason and sentenced to life in prison for being Jewish he was later released.
When did WW1 begin?
July 28, 1914
What was the effect of the trenches in WW1?
Stalemates
Where was Archduke Ferdinand from and who assassinated him?
Austria, Gavrilo Princip
What was Woodrow Wilson peace plan called?
The 14 Points | Self Determination
What was the U-boat
German submarine
What was the treaty that ended WW1?
Treaty of Versailles
What were the reasons the USA entered WW1?
Sinking of the Lusitania, the Zimmermann telegram, unrestricted warfare
Why was WW1 more destructive than previous wars?
New technology and tactics
Describe the Zimmerman note
message sent to Mexico, proposing a military alliance against the United States. It promised Mexico’s old parts of the United States
Define War of Attrition
Slowly wearing down the enemy
What were the MAIN causes of WW1
Militarism, Allies, Imperialism, Nationalism
Who were the Allies in WW1
France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, Japan and later, the United States
Who were the Central Powers in WW1
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire
When did the US enter WW1?
April 4, 1917
When did WW1 end?
November 11, 1918
What was the US policy in the beginning of WW1
Neutrality
What the Schlieffen Plan?
German war plan to invade France and Belgium
What were some of the weapons used in WW1
grenades, rifle grenades, mortars, and several types of machine-guns.
Explain the two fronts of WW1
The western front was a long line of trenches that ran from the coast of Belgium to Switzerland. A lot of the fighting along this front took place in France and Belgium. The eastern front was between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Bulgaria on one side and Russia and Romania on the other.
Why did Russia pull out of WW1
so that the nation could focus on building a communist state
Explaining the positive and negative effects of appeasement
Positive: no war | Negative: you have to give things to appease them
What are war reparations?
Payments from one side.
Define propaganda
To publicize a political view
What was the traditional gift from a Russian tsar?
Monomakh Cap and military items
What was the goal of Stalin’s five year plan
Large scale industrialization
What was the Tsar’s wife Alexandra’s advisor
Rasputin
What was Bloody Sunday?
massacre in St. Petersburg, Russia, of peaceful demonstrators marking the beginning of the violent phase of the Russian Revolution of 1905.
What was the Great Purge
Stalin solidifies his power over the Communist party
Who introduced Communism to Russia
Vlad Lenin
How were the arts affected by communism in Russia
all existing literary and artistic groups and organizations should be disbanded and replaced with unified associations of creative professions.
What was the target city of the Nazi blitz
London
When was Pearl Harbor
December 7, 1941
What was the result of Pearl Harbor
USA joined WW2
Explain D-day
Allied invasion of Nazi-occupied France so they could push inwards towards central Europe and dismantle Adolf Hitler's regime
When was D-day
June 6, 1944
What was the major turning point of WW2 in Europe
Battle of Stalingrad
What was the major turning point of WW2 in Asia
Battle of Midway
Define the holocaust
When Nazi Germany captured and killed millions of Jews
Who were the major rivals of Cold War
USSR vs USA
What were some effects of the Cold War?
Deaths and advancements in tech
Who wanted to free foreign domination from Vietnam
Ho Chi Minh
Explain the Arms Race
USA and USA rapidly develop their armies
What was the Space Race
period of competition between the Soviet Union and the United States over who could conquer space exploration first.
Explain the Cuban Missile Crisis
USSR had missiles lined up in Cuba pointed at USA
Explain the Bay of Pigs
an abortive invasion of Cuba in April 1961 by some 1,500 Cuban exiles opposed to Fidel Castro. The invasion was financed and directed by the U.S. government.
Effects of Cold War
Fall of USSR and USA became strongest global power
What was the primary cause of global interdependence
Technology
Most of the nations in the southern hemisphere are
poor
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