CHEM 1A Unit 1 Midterm

for me cuz im hella dumdum bubble butt

K

C^0+273.15

Real Gases

Has motion (KE) and interactions (PE)

Ideal Gases

No interactions, only motion (KE)

Vreal=Videal

High temp

Vreal<Videal

Medium temp

Vreal>Videal

Low temp

Isomer

Different shape of atoms

Resonance

Different bonds but same skeleton/connectivity

Formal Charge Equation

FC = # valence e when alone - # non bonding e - # bonds

Zeff Formula

Zeff = atomic number (protons) - core electrons

2 bond pairs

elec geom: linear

molec geom: linear

3 bond pairs

elec geom: trigonal planar

molec geom: trigonal planar

2 bond pairs + 1 lone pair

elec geom: trigonal planar

molec geom: bent

4 bond pairs

elec geom: tetrahedral

molec geom: tetrahedral

3 bond pairs + 1 lone pair

elec geom: tetrahedral

molec geom: trigonal pyramid

2 bond pairs + 2 lone pairs

elec geom: tetrahedral

molec geom: bent

non polar covalent

symmetric, equal sharing

polar covalent

asymmetric, unequal sharing

ionic

electrons transferred

Bonding ratio (periodic trends)

left to right (metals)

right to left (nonmetals)

reactivty (periodic trends)

increases top to bottom (metals)

Increases bottom to top (nonmetals)

mass (periodic trends)

increases left to right, top to bottom

radius (periodic trends)

increases right to left, top to bottom

hardness, metals only (periodic trends)

increases top to bottom

doesn’t dissolve, conducts dry, bendable/malleable

metallic bonding

many dissolve, does not conduct, gas/liquid/soft solid

molecular covalent bonding

many dissolve, solution conducts, hard/brittle

ionic bonding

doesn’t dissolve, doesn’t conduct, rigid/ difficult to break

extended covalent

dipole-dipole imf

attraction between 2 polar molecules

ion dipole imf

ion + polar molecule

has charges (+, -) which makes it ionic

hydrogen bonding (h-bridge) imf

H+FON, strong type of D-D attraction

dipole induced dipole imf

polar + nonpolar

polar induces nonpolar to be temporarliy polar

instantaneous dipole-induced dipole imf

lacks h-bridges and permanent polar dipoles, is in every imf but the weakest one

Coulomb’s Law

F=k(q1q2/r²)