Lecture 3: Introduction to the Musculoskeletal System

What are the types of cartilage?

Elastic

Fibrocartilage

Hyaline cartilage

Elastic cartilage is made of ____ and is found ____.

Elastin

Ear, epiglottis

Fibrocartilage is made of ____ and is found ____.

Type 1 collagen fibers

Intervertebral discs/pubic symphysis/meniscus pads

Hyaline cartilage is the precursor to bone in ____ and is found ____.

Endochondral ossification

All over including respiratory system

Articular cartilage is a type of what kind of cartilage?

Hyaline cartilage

Cortical bone is found in the ____ and is also called ____.

Diaphysis/shaft

Compact bone

Trabecular bone is found in the ____ and is also called ____.

Epiphysis

Cancelous/Spongy bone

The scapula, clavicle and pelvis are a part of the ____ skeleton.

Appendicular

Fibrous joints offer ____ mobility.

Limited

Types of fibrous joints are ____.

Sutures

Syndesmosis

Gomphosis

Sutures are made of ____.

Type 3 collagen (Sharpey’s fibers)

Syndesmosis are defined as ____.

Two bones being held together by fibrous connective tissue (radioulanr/tibiofibular joints)

A gomphosis is a peg and socket joint. An example of this is ____.

Dentoalveolar joints

Types of cartilagenous joints are ____.

Primary joint/Synchondrosis

Secondary joint/Symphysis

Synchondrosis joints are defined as ____.

Two bones held together by hyaline cartilage

What type of cartilage makes up a symphysis?

Fibrocartilage

The TMJ joint is made up of what synovial joint movements?

Hinge/Plane

What is endochondral ossification?

When bone is formed from a cartilagenous precursor starting at the primary center (diaphysis) then secondary center (epiphysis)

What are examples of bones formed via endochondral ossification?

Long bones

Skull base

What is intramembranous ossification?

The creation of bone via mesenchyme

What are examples of bones formed via intramembranous ossification?

Cranial vault/Face

Ligaments connect ____.

Bone to bone

Tendons connect ____.

Muscle to bone

What is the superficial fascia also called?

The subdermis/subcutis

What does the deep fascia surround?

Muscles

Nerves

Whats does the visceral fascia surround?

Organs

Skeletal muscle characteristics

Voluntary

Striated

GSE and SVE innervation (alpha and gamma neurons)

Cardiac muscle characteristics

Involuntary

Striated w/ intercalated discs

GVE innervation

Smooth muscle characteristics

Involuntary

Unstriated

GVE innervation

Contralateral means ____.

The movement is opposite the side of the contracting muscle

Ipsilateral means ____.

The movement is on the same side as the contracting muscle