Lecture Notes Review: Understanding Energy, Cellular Junctions, Skin, and Skeletal System

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to energy, cellular junctions, skin structure, and the skeletal system, as outlined in the lecture notes.

Energy

The capacity to do work, defined as the product of force and distance.

Potential Energy

Stored energy, such as chemical bonds in molecules like ATP.

Kinetic Energy

Energy in motion, such as the movement of ions across a membrane or muscle contractions.

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

The body's immediate energy currency that releases energy when broken down into ADP and inorganic phosphate.

First Law of Thermodynamics

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only changes form.

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Every energy transformation results in some loss of usable energy as heat, increasing entropy.

Metabolism

The sum of all chemical reactions in the body, divided into anabolism and catabolism.

Oxidation

The loss of electrons during redox reactions, essential for metabolism.

Desmosomes

Cellular junctions that anchor cells together to resist mechanical stress.

Exocrine Glands

Glands that have ducts that carry secretions to a surface.

Merocrine Secretion

A mode of secretion involving exocytosis, seen in sweat glands.

Cutaneous Glands

Glands in the skin that include eccrine, apocrine, sebaceous, ceruminous, and mammary glands.

Epidermis

The outer layer of skin composed of five layers in thick skin.

Dermis

The inner layer of skin consisting of the papillary and reticular layers.

Keratinocytes

Cells in the epidermis that produce keratin.

Osteology

The study of bones.

Hematopoiesis

The process of blood cell formation in the skeletal system.

Compact Bone

Bone tissue that forms the outer shell with a dense structure.

Spongy Bone

Bone tissue that is less dense and contains marrow spaces.

Osteoporosis

A condition that leads to loss of bone density, common in postmenopausal women.