Calorimetry and Entropy Concepts

Flashcards for key vocabulary and concepts related to calorimetry and entropy based on the lecture notes.

Calorimetry

The science of measuring heat transfer during physical and chemical processes.

Entropy (S)

A measure of the randomness or disorder of a system; higher entropy indicates greater disorder.

Exothermic Reaction

A reaction that releases energy in the form of heat, causing the temperature of the surroundings to increase.

Endothermic Reaction

A reaction that absorbs energy from the surroundings, leading to a decrease in the temperature of the surroundings.

Specific Heat (Cs)

The amount of heat required to change the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius.

Thermal Equilibrium

The state in which two objects, when placed in contact, reach the same temperature and no heat flows between them.

ΔG (Gibbs Free Energy)

The change in free energy of a system, used to predict the spontaneity of a process.

ΔH (Enthalpy Change)

The change in heat content of a system at constant pressure.

Heat Transfer Equation

q = m(Cs)ΔT, where q is the heat transferred, m is the mass, Cs is the specific heat, and ΔT is the change in temperature.

Spontaneous Process

A process that occurs without needing an input of energy from outside the system.