LIPIDS (METABOLISM)

lipid digestion

• like carbohydrates and protein, __ are broken into small components for absorption

• since most of our digestive enzymes are water-based, certain processes are peculiar to __ only

gastric lipase

__ starts to break down triacylglycerols into diglycerides and fatty acids

2-4 hours

within __ after eating a meal, roughly 30% of the triacylglycerols are converted

stomach’s churning and contractions

help to disperse the fat molecules, while the diglycerides derived in this process act as further emulsifiers

fat digestion

however, amid all of this activity, very little __ occurs in the stomach

digestive system

__ sets out to combine the separated fats with its own watery fluids

bile

__ is added to emulsify the fats

emulsification

increases the surface area of lipids, making them more accessible to digestive enzymes

fatty acids and glycerol

once fats are emulsified, enzymes act to hydrolyze triglycerides and diglycerides to __ and _

pancreatic lipase

__ breaks down the fats into free fatty acids and monoglycerides

micelles

bile salts envelop the fatty acids and monoglycerides to form __

fatty acid-core

micelles have __ with water-soluble exterior

intestinal microvillus

fatty acid core with water-soluble exterior allows efficient transport to __

digestive tract lining

fat components are then released into the cells of the __

triglycerides

in the intestinal cells, monoglycerides and fatty acids reassemble into __

lipoproteins

triglycerides, cholesterol and phospholipids form __ when joined with a protein carrier

inner core

triglycerides and cholesterol esters

outer core

phospholipids with free cholesterol and proteins

chylomicrons

• are lipoprotein carriers of triglycerides and cholesterol esters in the intestine

• they transport fats through the water-based environment to liver and other body tissues

cholesterols

are poorly absorbed than phospholipids and triglycerides

increase in dietary fat components

aid for high cholesterol

steatorrhea

if fats are not poorly absorbed, a person’s stool will contain high amounts of fat

water + bile

heavy cream hydrolysis result (test tube 1)

pancreatin

heavy cream hydrolysis result (test tube 2)

pancreatin + bile

heavy cream hydrolysis result (test tube 3)

pH

was then measured to detect acidity caused by the hydrolysis of the fat present in the cream into glycerol and fatty acids