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What volcanic event occurred in Iceland in 2010 that significantly impacted air travel across Northern Europe?
The eruption of the Eyjafjallajökull volcano.
What tectonic feature is Iceland located on?
Iceland is located on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
What type of volcano is Eyjafjallajökull classified as?
It is classified as a strato-volcano.
How much magma diverges at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge each year?
About 23 mm per year.
What is tephra?
Tephra is fragmented solid rock produced during volcanic eruptions, ranging from volcanic bombs to fine ash.
Which gases are released during a volcanic eruption?
Gases include water vapor, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen chloride, and hydrogen fluoride.
What was the Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) rating of the Eyjafjallajökull eruption?
The eruption was rated at level four on the VEI. This indicates a significant explosive eruption, producing substantial ash and affecting air travel.
What natural hazard occurred as a result of the melting ice during the Eyjafjallajökull eruption?
Flooding due to jökulhlaups. Jökulhlaups are glacial outburst floods caused by volcanic activity that melts ice.
What were the impacts of the flight ban caused by the eruption?
Losses in productivity, air freight losses, negative effects on tourism, and cancellation of events. Economic disruptions, stranded travelers, and increased transportation costs.
What happened to the air space in Europe due to the Eyjafjallajökull eruption?and what was the cost to trade and individuals?
Air space was closed over much of northern Europe, affecting travel significantly. The closure lasted for several days, leading to widespread flight cancellations and delays across multiple countries.
100,000 flights canceled and $1.7 billion in worldwide loses - $3 million in Kenyan horticulture everyday for sevreal days whilst the flights cancelled, 3000 tones of flowers for uk market left to rot.
In what year did the previous significant eruption of Eyjafjallajökull occur before 2010?
The previous major eruption occurred between 1821 and 1823.
What was a major concern of authorities regarding volcanic ash and aircraft?
The abrasive volcanic ash could damage aircraft engines, potentially causing engine failure. This posed serious safety risks to flights, leading to precautionary groundings.
How did the eruption affect tourism in Iceland in March 2010?
Initially, the eruption attracted tourists, leading to increased visitation to the area. However, as travel disruptions escalated, many tourists were unable to reach Iceland, leading to a decline in overall tourism during the subsequent weeks.
What is the relationship between Eyjafjallajökull and Katla regarding eruptions?
Historically, eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull have often been followed by eruptions of the more dangerous Katla volcano. This relationship raises concerns about potential increased volcanic activity and hazards following an Eyjafjallajökull eruption.
What lesson was learned regarding air travel after the Eyjafjallajökull eruption?
Civil aviation authorities have been prompted to research more about ash impact on aircraft safety.
What past volcanic eruption from Iceland caused widespread famine in Northern Europe?
The Lakagígar eruption in 1783-1784.
What environmental effect did the eruption have over Europe, particularly during the flight ban?
Reduction in aircraft carbon emissions, 2.8 million tonnes of carbon dioxide, and improved air quality. however due to the high amounts of carbon dioxide released due to the eruption, there was a significant impact on climate, leading to cooler temperatures and agricultural challenges.
What were authorities criticized for during the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption?
They were criticized for closing air space too hastily and for too long. This led to significant economic losses for airlines and travelers.
What were the economic impacts of the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption?
The eruption caused an estimated loss of $1.7 billion in airline revenue, disrupted global supply chains, and significantly affected tourism and trade in Europe.
