Chapter 13: Sinusoidal Steady State: Impedance and Frequency Response Vocab

Frequency-Domain Analysis

Circuit analysis that describes output behavior as a function of input frequency.

Time-Domain Analysis

Circuit analysis that describes voltage and current as functions of time.

Sinusoidal Steady State

The long-term response of a circuit to a sinusoidal input after transients disappear.

Tone Burst

A sinusoidal signal that begins at a specified time.

Complex Exponential

A mathematical representation of a sinusoidal signal using e^{jωt}

Euler’s Relation

The equation relating a complex exponential to cosine and sine components.

Complex Amplitude

A complex number that represents a sinusoid’s magnitude and phase.

Impedance

A complex, frequency-dependent ratio of voltage amplitude to current amplitude.

Admittance

The reciprocal of impedance.

Impedance Model

A circuit model that replaces R, L, and C components with impedances for sinusoidal analysis.

Reactance

The imaginary part of an impedance caused by inductors or capacitors.

Transfer Function

The ratio of complex output amplitude to complex input amplitude.

System Function

Another name for a transfer function.

Frequency Response

Plots of a circuit’s gain and phase shift versus frequency.

Magnitude Response

A plot showing output-to-input amplitude ratio versus frequency.

Phase Response

A plot showing output phase shift relative to input versus frequency.

Logarithmic Scale

A graph scale where equal distances represent equal multiplication factors.

Break Frequency

The frequency where low- and high-frequency asymptotes intersect.

Cutoff Frequency

Another name for break frequency.

Low-Pass Filter

A circuit that passes low frequencies and attenuates high frequencies.

High-Pass Filter

A circuit that attenuates low frequencies and passes high frequencies.

Band-Pass Filter

A circuit that passes a selected frequency range and attenuates frequencies outside it.

Coupling Capacitor

A capacitor that passes AC signals while blocking DC bias between circuit stages.

Decoupling

Isolating DC operating points of connected amplifier stages.

Parasitic Capacitance

Unwanted capacitance that changes circuit behavior, especially at high frequencies.

Compensation Capacitor

A capacitor added to correct frequency-dependent behavior.

Overcompensation

A condition where high-frequency signals are amplified or passed too strongly.

Harmonic

A sinusoidal component whose frequency is an integer multiple of a fundamental frequency.

Power Factor

The cosine of the phase angle between AC voltage and current.

Complex Power

A complex quantity whose real part is average power and imaginary part is reactive power.

Reactive Power

The imaginary part of complex power associated with energy exchange in inductors and capacitors.

Root-Mean-Square Voltage

An effective AC voltage value related to power dissipation.