PSY: 314 Gender identity, sexual functioning and Paraphilic disorders

According to sex, race, and ethnicity, occasional gender non-conformity is common among children

true

What percentage of children demonstrate significant gender noncomformity?

1 to 5%

Which gender are referred to gender identity clinics?

males

In adolescence, which gender is more likely to experience gender dysmorphia?

more girls than boys

Among adults which gender are identified as transgender?

more males than females

When does gender nonconformity exist?

Even when it goes against religious, moral and social values

What are biological theories, according to the etiology and interventions?

• Possible genetic contributions and changes in estrogen signaling in the brain

• Structural brain differences (results often confounded by cross-sex hormone therapy)

What are interventions?

•Transitioning

•Social changes

•Medical treatments

•Gender affirmation surgery

•Psychotherapy

Who was Caitlyn Jenner?

Jenner was an olympian who set a world record in the decathlon

What did Jenner receive as a result of her courage?

She recieved the Arthur Ashe Award for courage she described her experience with gender dysphoria and said her transition was harder than training for the olympics

Caitlyn Jenner’s willingness to speak out has raised awareness of transgender experiences

true

What is male hypoactive sexual desire disorder?

persistently or recurrently deficient or absent sexual/erotic thoughts or fantasies and desire for sexual activity

What is female sexual interest/arousal disorder?

significantly reduced or absent sexual interest/arousal

What often occurs in female sexual interest/arousal disorder?

reduced interest in sexual activity or lack of sexual excitement/pleasure/response during sexual activity and psychological and/or physiological factors

What is erectile disorder according to males?

repeated failure to obtain or maintain erections during partnered sexual activities

What are orgasmic disorders?

-Delayed ejaculation

-Female orgasmic disorder

-Premature ejaculation

What is delayed ejaculation?

marked delay in or inability to achieve ejaculation despite adequate sexual stimulation

What is female orgasmic disorder?

difficulty experiencing orgasm and/or markedly reduced intensity or orgasmic sensations

What is premature ejaculation?

ejaculation during sexual activity that occurs within about 1 minute after vaginal penetration and before the individual wishes it

Premature ejaculation has primary and secondary

true

What is genito pain/penetration disorder?

persistent or recurrent difficulties with

-vaginal penetration during intercourse

-vulvovaginal or pelvic pain during intercourse

-fear or anxiety about pain during vaginal penetration

-tension/tightening of the pelvic floor muscles

What is the percentage of genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder that occurs in both genders?

7.5% of women and 3 to 5% of men

what is vaginismus?

unwanted involuntary spasms of vaginal muscles

According to the epidemiology where is sexual dysfunction common in?

it is common across the world in both men and women

According to epidemiology race and ethnicity do not predict sexual dysfunction

true

Which race of women reports the highest rates of sexual interest/arousal difficulties?

among older women older than 60, non-Hispanic white women reported higher rates of sexual interest/arousal difficulties compared to Black women

Which race of men reports the highest rates of sexual interest/arousal difficulties?

24.9% of Black and 25.3% of Hispanic men reported erectile disorders compared to 18.1% of White men, however, these, differences may be related to socioeconomic factors

According to the etiology of sexual dysfunction what are the biological factors?

-Hormonal imbalance

-Menopause

-Decrease in testosterone levels

-Physical disorders

-Androgen imbalance

-Alcohol and drugs

-Antidepressants (e.g., SSRIs) and other medications

According to the etiology of sexual dysfunction what are the psychosocial factors?

-Depression

-Anxiety and stress

-Performance anxiety

-Classical conditioning

-Couple distress and negative life event

-Environmental factors

-Aging

According to the treatment of sexual dysfunctions, what are the biological treatments?

-Testosterone replacement

-Drug therapy

-SSRIs

-Tramadol

-Viagra, Levitra, Cialis

-Penile implants

-Vacuum devices