purpcom mod 2 | topic 2 (copy)

racism

form of discrimination against a person or persons of a different race

57 varieties

English as Global Language, there are ______

American English (AmE)

• A variant of the English language, spoken mainly in the United States.

• About two-thirds of the world’s native speakers of English live in America and speak this variant.

• T-flapping

• Voiced S

Australian English (AuE)

• A variant of the English language spoken mainly in Australia.

• began to diverge from British English shortly after Australia was settled in the late 18th century.

• Similar to New Zealand English and bears some resemblance to certain dialects of South East England. Generally speaking, its spelling corresponds to British English spelling.

British English

• A variant of the English language, spoken mainly in the United Kingdom. Along with American English, it is one of the main variants taught in most ESL/EFL programs.

• No single variation of English. Instead, there are a considerable number of variations mainly found in different locations.

Received Pronunciation (RP)

• Form of pronunciation used in British English. Simply a particular accent of English

• Queens’ English

• Mostly in South England, London, Cambridge

• Upper Class

• Standard in dictionaries (EFL)

• For much of the twentieth century, it represented the voice of education, authority, social status and economic power, characterizing the nobility and the higher classes

Black English

• very broad term used to refer to British English and American English as spoken by the black communities in the US and the UK. To a lesser extent it's also used to refer to black communities in places like the Caribbean and Africa.

• African American Vernacular and British Black English.

Race and Ethnicity

• Best to tread carefully with the language used

• one should “refer to a group by the term it prefers, which means some research is required to find out about acceptable and preferred terms (Locker & Kienzler, 2013)

Gender and sexual orientation

• To be inclusive of all people in general references, one should favor gender - neutral words and phrases over gender-biased words.

• can avoid gender bias by dropping pronouns that signify gender and restating the sentence, changing to plural construction, and replacing masculine or feminine pronouns with “one” or “you”

sexism

prejudice and discrimination based on sex or gender

Class discrimination or classism

is a form of prejudice against a person or people because of their social class

Ageism

is a form of discrimination against other people because of their age, or assuming that older people are less physically, intellectually, or emotionally able than other age groups

Disabilities

Discrimination in this area often arises because of lack of understanding and awareness